September-october commit

- manual parser
- stl refinements
- all language constructs are now Send

Cargo.lock

@@ -2,17 +2,6 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 3
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ahash"
-version = "0.7.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fcb51a0695d8f838b1ee009b3fbf66bda078cd64590202a864a8f3e8c4315c47"
-dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
- "once_cell",
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
 version = "0.8.3"
@@ -137,16 +126,6 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "chumsky"
-version = "0.9.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "23170228b96236b5a7299057ac284a321457700bc8c41a4476052f0f4ba5349d"
-dependencies = [
- "hashbrown 0.12.3",
- "stacker",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
 version = "4.3.4"
@@ -204,12 +183,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "convert_case"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6245d59a3e82a7fc217c5828a6692dbc6dfb63a0c8c90495621f7b9d79704a0e"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
 version = "0.2.7"
@@ -238,19 +211,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "typenum",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "derive_more"
-version = "0.99.17"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4fb810d30a7c1953f91334de7244731fc3f3c10d7fe163338a35b9f640960321"
-dependencies = [
- "convert_case",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "rustc_version",
- "syn 1.0.109",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -261,16 +221,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "crypto-common",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "duplicate"
-version = "1.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "de78e66ac9061e030587b2a2e75cc88f22304913c907b11307bca737141230cb"
-dependencies = [
- "heck",
- "proc-macro-error",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "dyn-clone"
 version = "1.0.11"
@@ -320,17 +270,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.2.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c05aeb6a22b8f62540c194aac980f2115af067bfe15a0734d7277a768d396b31"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "libc",
- "wasi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "globset"
 version = "0.4.10"
@@ -344,22 +283,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.12.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8a9ee70c43aaf417c914396645a0fa852624801b24ebb7ae78fe8272889ac888"
-dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.7.6",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
 version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2c6201b9ff9fd90a5a3bac2e56a830d0caa509576f0e503818ee82c181b3437a"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash 0.8.3",
+ "ahash",
  "allocator-api2",
 ]
 
@@ -451,36 +381,32 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.17.1"
+version = "1.18.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b7e5500299e16ebb147ae15a00a942af264cf3688f47923b8fc2cd5858f23ad3"
+checksum = "dd8b5dd2ae5ed71462c540258bedcb51965123ad7e7ccf4b9a8cafaa4a63576d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "orchidlang"
 version = "0.2.2"
 dependencies = [
- "chumsky",
  "clap",
- "derive_more",
- "duplicate",
  "dyn-clone",
- "hashbrown 0.14.0",
+ "hashbrown",
  "itertools",
  "ordered-float",
  "paste",
  "polling",
  "rust-embed",
  "take_mut",
- "thiserror",
  "trait-set",
  "unicode-segmentation",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ordered-float"
-version = "3.7.0"
+version = "4.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2fc2dbde8f8a79f2102cc474ceb0ad68e3b80b85289ea62389b60e66777e4213"
+checksum = "e3a540f3e3b3d7929c884e46d093d344e4e5bdeed54d08bf007df50c93cc85d5"
 dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
@@ -511,30 +437,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "proc-macro-error"
-version = "1.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da25490ff9892aab3fcf7c36f08cfb902dd3e71ca0f9f9517bea02a73a5ce38c"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro-error-attr",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
- "version_check",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "proc-macro-error-attr"
-version = "1.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a1be40180e52ecc98ad80b184934baf3d0d29f979574e439af5a55274b35f869"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "1.0.56"
@@ -544,15 +446,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "psm"
-version = "0.1.21"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5787f7cda34e3033a72192c018bc5883100330f362ef279a8cbccfce8bb4e874"
-dependencies = [
- "cc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
 version = "1.0.26"
@@ -614,15 +507,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "walkdir",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rustc_version"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bfa0f585226d2e68097d4f95d113b15b83a82e819ab25717ec0590d9584ef366"
-dependencies = [
- "semver",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
 version = "0.37.19"
@@ -659,12 +543,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi-util",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "semver"
-version = "1.0.18"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b0293b4b29daaf487284529cc2f5675b8e57c61f70167ba415a463651fd6a918"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
 version = "1.0.160"
@@ -682,19 +560,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "digest",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "stacker"
-version = "0.1.15"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c886bd4480155fd3ef527d45e9ac8dd7118a898a46530b7b94c3e21866259fce"
-dependencies = [
- "cc",
- "cfg-if",
- "libc",
- "psm",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
 version = "0.10.0"
@@ -729,26 +594,6 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f764005d11ee5f36500a149ace24e00e3da98b0158b3e2d53a7495660d3f4d60"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.40"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "978c9a314bd8dc99be594bc3c175faaa9794be04a5a5e153caba6915336cebac"
-dependencies = [
- "thiserror-impl",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.40"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f9456a42c5b0d803c8cd86e73dd7cc9edd429499f37a3550d286d5e86720569f"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.13",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
 version = "0.1.37"
@@ -817,12 +662,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi-util",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "wasi"
-version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
 version = "0.3.9"

Cargo.toml

@@ -22,18 +22,14 @@ doc = false
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-thiserror = "1.0"
-chumsky = "0.9"
 hashbrown = "0.14"
-ordered-float = "3.7"
+ordered-float = "4.1"
 itertools = "0.11"
 dyn-clone = "1.0"
 clap = { version = "4.3", features = ["derive"] }
 trait-set = "0.3"
 paste = "1.0"
 rust-embed = { version = "8.0", features = ["include-exclude"] }
-duplicate = "1.0.0"
 take_mut = "0.2.2"
 unicode-segmentation = "1.10.1"
 polling = "3.0.0"
-derive_more = "0.99.17"

README.md

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ An experimental lazy, pure functional programming language designed to be embedd
 
 ## Usage
 
-TODO
+The standalone interpreter can be built as the binary target from this package. The language tutorial and standard library documentation is at [www.lbfalvy.com/orchid-reference](https://www.lbfalvy.com/orchid-reference/). Embedder guide and Rust API documentation are coming soon.
-
-I need to write a few articles explaining individual fragments of the language, and accurately document everything. Writing tutorials at this stage is not really worth it.
 
 ## Design
 
@@ -35,4 +33,4 @@ Orchids and mangrove trees form complex ecosystems; The flowers persuade the tre
 
 ## Contribution
 
-All contributions are welcome. For the time being, use the issue tracker to discuss ideas.
+All contributions are welcome. For the time being, use the issue tracker to discuss ideas.

ROADMAP.md

@@ -2,12 +2,6 @@ This document is a wishlist, its items aren't ordered in any way other than inli
 
 # Language
 
-## Operator declarations
-A dedicated (exportable) line type for declaring operators. Still just names, only you can write them next to other things without whitespace
-
-- ops may not contain c-ident-safe characters
-- clusters of operator characters are broken up with a greedy algorithm
-
 ## Typeclasses
 Elixir-style protocols probably, only with n-ary dispatch which I saw in SICP-js
 
@@ -37,11 +31,6 @@ Error tokens with rules to lift them out. Kinda depends on preservation of locat
 ## Async
 Join allows to run code when a tuple of pending events all resolve on the event poller
 
-## New: FS
-Exposes tree operations to Orchid
-Uses existing IO to open and read files
-Uses the event bus to read directories in batches without blocking other Orchid code
-
 ## New: Network
 Event-driven I/O with single-fire events and resubscription to relay backpressure to the OS. Initially TCP
 

examples/calculator/main.orc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import std::(proc::*, to_float, to_string, panic, str::char_at)
+import std::(to_float, to_string, panic, string::char_at)
 
 export const main := do{
   cps print "left operand: ";
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ export const main := do{
   let a = to_float data;
   cps print "operator: ";
   cps op = readln;
-  let op = char_at op 0;
   cps println ("you selected \"" ++ op ++ "\"");
   cps print "right operand: ";
   cps data = readln;

examples/file-browser/main.orc

@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 import system::(io, directfs, async)
-import std::proc::*
 import std::(to_string, to_uint, inspect)
 
-const folder_view := \path.\next. do{
+const folder_view := \path. \next. do{
   cps println $ "Contents of " ++ directfs::os_print path;
   cps entries = async::block_on $ directfs::read_dir path;
   cps list::enumerate entries
-    |> list::map (pass \id. pass \name.\is_dir.
+    |> list::map (pass \id. pass \name. \is_dir.
       println $ to_string id ++ ": " ++ directfs::os_print name ++ if is_dir then "/" else ""
     )
     |> list::chain;
   cps print "select an entry, or .. to move up: ";
   cps choice = readln;
-  if (choice == "..\n") then do {
+  if (choice == "..") then do {
     let parent_path = directfs::pop_path path
       |> option::unwrap
       |> tuple::pick 0 2;

examples/hello-world/main.orc

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import std::exit_status
+
 const main := (
   println "Hello, world!"
-    "success"
+    exit_status::success
 )
 -- main := "Hello, World!\n"

examples/list-processing/main.orc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import std::(proc::*, to_string)
+import std::to_string
 
 export const main := do{
   let foo = list::new[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export const main := do{
   let sum = bar
     |> list::skip 2
     |> list::take 3
-    |> list::reduce (\a.\b. a + b)
+    |> list::reduce (\a. \b. a + b)
     |> option::unwrap;
   cps println $ to_string sum;
   0

examples/maps/main.orc

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import std::(proc::*, to_string)
+import std::to_string
 
 export const main := do{
   let foo = map::new[

src/bin/orcx.rs

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ mod cli;
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::BufReader;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::process;
+use std::process::ExitCode;
 
 use clap::Parser;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use orchidlang::facade::{Environment, PreMacro};
 use orchidlang::systems::asynch::AsynchSystem;
-use orchidlang::systems::stl::StlConfig;
+use orchidlang::systems::stl::{ExitStatus, StlConfig};
 use orchidlang::systems::{directfs, io, scheduler};
 use orchidlang::{ast, interpreted, interpreter, Interner, Sym, VName};
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ fn print_for_debug(e: &ast::Expr<Sym>) {
 }
 
 /// A little utility to step through the resolution of a macro set
-pub fn macro_debug(premacro: PreMacro, sym: Sym) {
+pub fn macro_debug(premacro: PreMacro, sym: Sym) -> ExitCode {
   let (mut code, location) = (premacro.consts.get(&sym))
     .unwrap_or_else(|| {
       panic!(
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ pub fn macro_debug(premacro: PreMacro, sym: Sym) {
         },
       "p" | "print" => print_for_debug(&code),
       "d" | "dump" => print!("Rules: {}", premacro.repo),
-      "q" | "quit" => return,
+      "q" | "quit" => return ExitCode::SUCCESS,
       "h" | "help" => print!(
         "Available commands:
         \t<blank>, n, next\t\ttake a step
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ pub fn macro_debug(premacro: PreMacro, sym: Sym) {
   }
 }
 
-pub fn main() {
+pub fn main() -> ExitCode {
   let args = Args::parse();
   args.chk_proj().unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{e}"));
   let dir = PathBuf::try_from(args.dir).unwrap();
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ pub fn main() {
   let premacro = env.load_dir(&dir, &main).unwrap();
   if args.dump_repo {
     println!("Parsed rules: {}", premacro.repo);
-    return;
+    return ExitCode::SUCCESS;
   }
   if !args.macro_debug.is_empty() {
     let sym = i.i(&to_vname(&args.macro_debug, &i));
@@ -160,15 +160,15 @@ pub fn main() {
   proc.validate_refs().unwrap();
   let main = interpreted::Clause::Constant(i.i(&main)).wrap();
   let ret = proc.run(main, None).unwrap();
-  let interpreter::Return { gas, state, inert } = ret;
+  let interpreter::Return { state, inert, .. } = ret;
   drop(proc);
-  if inert {
+  assert!(inert, "Gas is not used, only inert data should be yielded");
-    println!("Settled at {}", state.expr().clause);
+  match state.clone().downcast::<ExitStatus>() {
-    if let Some(g) = gas {
+    Ok(ExitStatus::Success) => ExitCode::SUCCESS,
-      println!("Remaining gas: {g}")
+    Ok(ExitStatus::Failure) => ExitCode::FAILURE,
-    }
+    Err(_) => {
-  } else if gas == Some(0) {
+      println!("{}", state.expr().clause);
-    eprintln!("Ran out of gas!");
+      ExitCode::SUCCESS
-    process::exit(-1);
+    },
   }
 }

src/error/assertion_error.rs

@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ impl AssertionError {
     location: Location,
     message: &'static str,
   ) -> Result<T, Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
-    return Err(Self::ext(location, message));
+    Err(Self::ext(location, message))
   }
 
   /// Construct and upcast to [ExternError]
   pub fn ext(location: Location, message: &'static str) -> Rc<dyn ExternError> {
-    return Self { location, message }.into_extern();
+    Self { location, message }.into_extern()
   }
 }
 

src/error/import_all.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ use crate::VName;
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct ImportAll {
   /// The file containing the offending import
-  pub offender_file: Rc<VName>,
+  pub offender_file: Arc<VName>,
   /// The module containing the offending import
-  pub offender_mod: Rc<VName>,
+  pub offender_mod: Arc<VName>,
 }
 impl ProjectError for ImportAll {
   fn description(&self) -> &str { "a top-level glob import was used" }

src/error/mod.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ mod project_error;
 mod too_many_supers;
 mod unexpected_directory;
 mod visibility_mismatch;
+mod assertion_error;
+mod runtime_error;
 
 pub use conflicting_roles::ConflictingRoles;
 pub use import_all::ImportAll;
@@ -18,3 +20,5 @@ pub use project_error::{ErrorPosition, ProjectError, ProjectResult};
 pub use too_many_supers::TooManySupers;
 pub use unexpected_directory::UnexpectedDirectory;
 pub use visibility_mismatch::VisibilityMismatch;
+pub use assertion_error::AssertionError;
+pub use runtime_error::RuntimeError;

src/error/not_exported.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use super::{ErrorPosition, ProjectError};
 use crate::representations::location::Location;
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ impl ProjectError for NotExported {
     Box::new(
       [
         ErrorPosition {
-          location: Location::File(Rc::new(self.file.clone())),
+          location: Location::File(Arc::new(self.file.clone())),
           message: Some(format!(
             "{} isn't exported",
             Interner::extern_all(&self.subpath).join("::")
           )),
         },
         ErrorPosition {
-          location: Location::File(Rc::new(self.referrer_file.clone())),
+          location: Location::File(Arc::new(self.referrer_file.clone())),
           message: Some(format!(
             "{} cannot see this symbol",
             Interner::extern_all(&self.referrer_subpath).join("::")

src/error/not_found.rs

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-use super::ProjectError;
-use crate::representations::project::ProjectModule;
-#[allow(unused)] // For doc
-use crate::tree::Module;
-use crate::tree::WalkError;
-use crate::{Interner, Location, NameLike, Tok, VName};
-
-/// Error produced when an import refers to a nonexistent module
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct NotFound {
-  /// The module that imported the invalid path
-  pub source: Option<VName>,
-  /// The file not containing the expected path
-  pub file: VName,
-  /// The invalid import path
-  pub subpath: VName,
-}
-impl NotFound {
-  /// Produce this error from the parameters of [Module]`::walk_ref` and a
-  /// [WalkError]
-  ///
-  /// # Panics
-  ///
-  /// - if `path` is shorter than the `pos` of the error
-  /// - if a walk up to but not including `pos` fails
-  ///
-  /// Basically, if `e` was not produced by the `walk*` methods called on
-  /// `path`.
-  #[must_use]
-  pub fn from_walk_error(
-    source: &[Tok<String>],
-    prefix: &[Tok<String>],
-    path: &[Tok<String>],
-    orig: &ProjectModule<impl NameLike>,
-    e: WalkError,
-  ) -> Self {
-    let last_mod =
-      orig.walk_ref(&path[..e.pos], false).expect("error occured on next step");
-    let mut whole_path = prefix.iter().chain(path.iter()).cloned();
-    if let Some(file) = &last_mod.extra.file {
-      Self {
-        source: Some(source.to_vec()),
-        file: whole_path.by_ref().take(file.len()).collect(),
-        subpath: whole_path.collect(),
-      }
-    } else {
-      Self {
-        source: Some(source.to_vec()),
-        file: whole_path.collect(),
-        subpath: Vec::new(),
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-impl ProjectError for NotFound {
-  fn description(&self) -> &str {
-    "an import refers to a nonexistent module"
-  }
-  fn message(&self) -> String {
-    format!(
-      "module {} in {} was not found",
-      Interner::extern_all(&self.subpath).join("::"),
-      Interner::extern_all(&self.file).join("/"),
-    )
-  }
-  fn one_position(&self) -> crate::Location {
-    Location::File(Rc::new(Interner::extern_all(&self.file)))
-  }
-}

src/error/runtime_error.rs

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ impl RuntimeError {
     message: String,
     operation: &'static str,
   ) -> Result<T, Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
-    return Err(Self { message, operation }.into_extern());
+    Err(Self { message, operation }.into_extern())
   }
 
   /// Construct and upcast to [ExternError]
   pub fn ext(message: String, operation: &'static str) -> Rc<dyn ExternError> {
-    return Self { message, operation }.into_extern();
+    Self { message, operation }.into_extern()
   }
 }
 

src/error/unexpected_directory.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use super::ProjectError;
 use crate::{Interner, Location, VName};
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ impl ProjectError for UnexpectedDirectory {
      to a directory"
   }
   fn one_position(&self) -> crate::Location {
-    Location::File(Rc::new(self.path.clone()))
+    Location::File(Arc::new(self.path.clone()))
   }
 
   fn message(&self) -> String {

src/error/visibility_mismatch.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use super::project_error::ProjectError;
 use crate::representations::location::Location;
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ impl ProjectError for VisibilityMismatch {
     )
   }
   fn one_position(&self) -> Location {
-    Location::File(Rc::new(self.file.clone()))
+    Location::File(Arc::new(self.file.clone()))
   }
 }

src/facade/environment.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ impl<'a> Environment<'a> {
       let system_tree = from_const_tree(sys.constants.clone(), &sys.vname(i));
       tree = ProjectTree(never::unwrap_always(tree.0.overlay(system_tree.0)));
     }
+    let mut lexer_plugins = vec![];
+    let mut line_parsers = vec![];
     let mut prelude = vec![];
     for sys in systems.iter() {
       if !sys.code.is_empty() {
@@ -50,9 +52,13 @@ impl<'a> Environment<'a> {
           &|k| sys.load_file(k),
           &tree,
           &prelude,
+          &lexer_plugins,
+          &line_parsers,
           i,
         )?;
       }
+      lexer_plugins.extend(sys.lexer_plugin.as_deref().iter());
+      line_parsers.extend(sys.line_parser.as_deref().iter());
       prelude.extend_from_slice(&sys.prelude);
     }
     Ok(CompiledEnv { prelude, tree, systems })
@@ -67,11 +73,19 @@ impl<'a> Environment<'a> {
     let i = self.i;
     let CompiledEnv { prelude, systems, tree } = self.compile()?;
     let file_cache = file_loader::mk_dir_cache(dir.to_path_buf());
+    let lexer_plugins = (systems.iter())
+      .filter_map(|s| s.lexer_plugin.as_deref())
+      .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let line_parsers = (systems.iter())
+      .filter_map(|s| s.line_parser.as_deref())
+      .collect::<Vec<_>>();
     let vname_tree = parse_layer(
       iter::once(target),
       &|path| file_cache.find(path),
       &tree,
       &prelude,
+      &lexer_plugins,
+      &line_parsers,
       i,
     )?;
     let tree = vname_to_sym_tree(vname_tree, i);

src/facade/pre_macro.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use std::iter;
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl<'a> PreMacro<'a> {
                 .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("path sourced from symbol names"));
               (origin.extra.file.as_ref()).cloned()
             })
-            .map(|p| Location::File(Rc::new(p)))
+            .map(|p| Location::File(Arc::new(p)))
             .unwrap_or(Location::Unknown);
           (name, (expr, location))
         })

src/facade/system.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use hashbrown::HashMap;
 
 use crate::error::{ErrorPosition, ProjectError};
 use crate::interpreter::HandlerTable;
+use crate::parse::{LexerPlugin, LineParser};
 use crate::pipeline::file_loader::{IOResult, Loaded};
 use crate::sourcefile::FileEntry;
 use crate::utils::boxed_iter::box_empty;
@@ -23,6 +24,13 @@ pub struct System<'a> {
   pub prelude: Vec<FileEntry>,
   /// Handlers for actions defined in this system
   pub handlers: HandlerTable<'a>,
+  /// Custom lexer for the source code representation atomic data.
+  /// These take priority over builtin lexers so the syntax they
+  /// match should be unambiguous
+  pub lexer_plugin: Option<Box<dyn LexerPlugin>>,
+  /// Parser that processes custom line types into their representation in the
+  /// module tree
+  pub line_parser: Option<Box<dyn LineParser>>,
 }
 impl<'a> System<'a> {
   /// Intern the name of the system so that it can be used as an Orchid

src/foreign/atom.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use dyn_clone::DynClone;
 
-use crate::interpreted::ExprInst;
+use super::ExternError;
+use crate::ddispatch::request;
+use crate::error::AssertionError;
+use crate::interpreted::{ExprInst, TryFromExprInst};
 use crate::interpreter::{Context, RuntimeError};
 use crate::representations::interpreted::Clause;
 use crate::utils::ddispatch::Responder;
-use crate::Primitive;
 
 /// Information returned by [Atomic::run]. This mirrors
 /// [crate::interpreter::Return] but with a clause instead of an Expr.
@@ -24,8 +27,18 @@ pub struct AtomicReturn {
 /// Returned by [Atomic::run]
 pub type AtomicResult = Result<AtomicReturn, RuntimeError>;
 
+/// Trait for things that are _definitely_ equal.
+pub trait StrictEq {
+  /// must return true if the objects were produced via the exact same sequence
+  /// of transformations, including any relevant context data. Must return false
+  /// if the objects are of different type, or if their type is [PartialEq]
+  /// and [PartialEq::eq] returns false.
+  fn strict_eq(&self, other: &dyn Any) -> bool;
+}
+
 /// Functionality the interpreter needs to handle a value
-pub trait Atomic: Any + Debug + DynClone + Responder
+pub trait Atomic:
+  Any + Debug + DynClone + StrictEq + Responder + Send
 where
   Self: 'static,
 {
@@ -54,7 +67,7 @@ where
   where
     Self: Sized,
   {
-    Clause::P(Primitive::Atom(Atom(Box::new(self))))
+    Clause::Atom(Atom(Box::new(self)))
   }
 
   /// Wrap the atom in a new expression instance to be placed in a tree
@@ -73,7 +86,7 @@ where
 /// inert at which point the [Atom] will validate and process the argument,
 /// returning a different [Atom] intended for processing by external code, a new
 /// [ExternFn] to capture an additional argument, or an Orchid expression
-/// to pass control back to the interpreter.btop
+/// to pass control back to the interpreter.
 pub struct Atom(pub Box<dyn Atomic>);
 impl Atom {
   /// Wrap an [Atomic] in a type-erased box
@@ -84,23 +97,26 @@ impl Atom {
   /// Get the contained data
   #[must_use]
   pub fn data(&self) -> &dyn Atomic { self.0.as_ref() as &dyn Atomic }
-  /// Attempt to downcast contained data to a specific type
+  /// Test the type of the contained data without downcasting
-  pub fn try_cast<T: Atomic>(self) -> Result<T, Self> {
+  #[must_use]
+  pub fn is<T: Atomic>(&self) -> bool { self.data().as_any_ref().is::<T>() }
+  /// Downcast contained data, panic if it isn't the specified type
+  #[must_use]
+  pub fn downcast<T: Atomic>(self) -> T {
+    *self.0.as_any().downcast().expect("Type mismatch on Atom::cast")
+  }
+  /// Normalize the contained data
+  pub fn run(self, ctx: Context) -> AtomicResult { self.0.run(ctx) }
+  /// Request a delegate from the encapsulated data
+  pub fn request<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<T> { request(self.0.as_ref()) }
+  /// Downcast the atom to a concrete atomic type, or return the original atom
+  /// if it is not the specified type
+  pub fn try_downcast<T: Atomic>(self) -> Result<T, Self> {
     match self.0.as_any_ref().is::<T>() {
       true => Ok(*self.0.as_any().downcast().expect("checked just above")),
       false => Err(self),
     }
   }
-  /// Test the type of the contained data without downcasting
-  #[must_use]
-  pub fn is<T: 'static>(&self) -> bool { self.data().as_any_ref().is::<T>() }
-  /// Downcast contained data, panic if it isn't the specified type
-  #[must_use]
-  pub fn cast<T: 'static>(self) -> T {
-    *self.0.as_any().downcast().expect("Type mismatch on Atom::cast")
-  }
-  /// Normalize the contained data
-  pub fn run(self, ctx: Context) -> AtomicResult { self.0.run(ctx) }
 }
 
 impl Clone for Atom {
@@ -109,6 +125,16 @@ impl Clone for Atom {
 
 impl Debug for Atom {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-    write!(f, "##ATOM[{:?}]##", self.data())
+    write!(f, "{:?}", self.data())
+  }
+}
+
+impl TryFromExprInst for Atom {
+  fn from_exi(exi: ExprInst) -> Result<Self, Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
+    let loc = exi.location();
+    match exi.expr_val().clause {
+      Clause::Atom(a) => Ok(a),
+      _ => AssertionError::fail(loc, "atom"),
+    }
   }
 }

src/foreign/cps_box.rs

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ use trait_set::trait_set;
 use super::{Atomic, ExternFn, InertAtomic, XfnResult};
 use crate::interpreted::{Clause, ExprInst};
 use crate::interpreter::{Context, HandlerRes};
-use crate::utils::pure_push::pushed_ref;
+use crate::utils::pure_seq::pushed_ref;
 use crate::ConstTree;
 
 trait_set! {
   /// A "well behaved" type that can be used as payload in a CPS box
-  pub trait CPSPayload = Clone + Debug + 'static;
+  pub trait CPSPayload = Clone + Debug + Send + 'static;
   /// A function to handle a CPS box with a specific payload
   pub trait CPSHandler<T: CPSPayload> = FnMut(&T, &ExprInst) -> HandlerRes;
 }

src/foreign/extern_fn.rs

@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@ use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use dyn_clone::DynClone;
+use dyn_clone::{DynClone, clone_box};
 
 use super::XfnResult;
 use crate::interpreted::ExprInst;
 use crate::interpreter::Context;
 use crate::representations::interpreted::Clause;
-use crate::Primitive;
 
 /// Errors produced by external code
 pub trait ExternError: Display {
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ impl Error for dyn ExternError {}
 /// Represents an externally defined function from the perspective of
 /// the executor. Since Orchid lacks basic numerical operations,
 /// these are also external functions.
-pub trait ExternFn: DynClone {
+pub trait ExternFn: DynClone + Send {
   /// Display name of the function
   #[must_use]
   fn name(&self) -> &str;
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ pub trait ExternFn: DynClone {
   where
     Self: Sized + 'static,
   {
-    Clause::P(Primitive::ExternFn(Box::new(self)))
+    Clause::ExternFn(ExFn(Box::new(self)))
   }
 }
 
@@ -68,3 +67,21 @@ impl Debug for dyn ExternFn {
     write!(f, "##EXTERN[{}]##", self.name())
   }
 }
+
+/// Represents a black box function that can be applied to a [Clause] to produce
+/// a new [Clause], typically an [Atom] representing external work, a new [ExFn]
+/// to take additional arguments, or an Orchid tree to return control to the
+/// interpreter
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ExFn(pub Box<dyn ExternFn + 'static>);
+impl ExFn {
+  /// Combine the function with an argument to produce a new clause
+  pub fn apply(self, arg: ExprInst, ctx: Context) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
+    self.0.apply(arg, ctx)
+  }
+}
+impl Clone for ExFn {
+  fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+    Self(clone_box(self.0.as_ref()))
+  }
+}

src/foreign/fn_bridge.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use super::atom::StrictEq;
 use super::{
   Atomic, AtomicResult, AtomicReturn, ExternError, ExternFn, XfnResult,
 };
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::ddispatch::Responder;
 use crate::interpreted::{Clause, ExprInst, TryFromExprInst};
 use crate::interpreter::{run, Context, Return};
 use crate::systems::codegen::{opt, res};
-use crate::{Literal, OrcString};
+use crate::OrcString;
 
 /// A trait for things that are infallibly convertible to [Clause]. These types
 /// can be returned by callbacks passed to the [super::xfn_1ary] family of
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ use crate::{Literal, OrcString};
 pub trait ToClause: Clone {
   /// Convert the type to a [Clause].
   fn to_clause(self) -> Clause;
+  /// Convert to an expression instance via [ToClause].
+  fn to_exi(self) -> ExprInst { self.to_clause().wrap() }
 }
 
 impl<T: Atomic + Clone> ToClause for T {
@@ -28,14 +31,8 @@ impl ToClause for Clause {
 impl ToClause for ExprInst {
   fn to_clause(self) -> Clause { self.expr_val().clause }
 }
-impl ToClause for Literal {
-  fn to_clause(self) -> Clause { self.into() }
-}
-impl ToClause for u64 {
-  fn to_clause(self) -> Clause { Literal::Uint(self).into() }
-}
 impl ToClause for String {
-  fn to_clause(self) -> Clause { OrcString::from(self).cls() }
+  fn to_clause(self) -> Clause { OrcString::from(self).atom_cls() }
 }
 impl<T: ToClause> ToClause for Option<T> {
   fn to_clause(self) -> Clause { opt(self.map(|t| t.to_clause().wrap())) }
@@ -59,31 +56,28 @@ pub struct Param<T, U, F> {
   _t: PhantomData<T>,
   _u: PhantomData<U>,
 }
+unsafe impl<T, U, F: Send> Send for Param<T, U, F> {}
 impl<T, U, F> Param<T, U, F> {
   /// Wrap a new function in a parametric struct
   pub fn new(f: F) -> Self
   where
     F: FnOnce(T) -> Result<U, Rc<dyn ExternError>>,
   {
-    Self { data: f, _t: PhantomData::default(), _u: PhantomData::default() }
+    Self { data: f, _t: PhantomData, _u: PhantomData }
   }
   /// Take out the function
   pub fn get(self) -> F { self.data }
 }
 impl<T, U, F: Clone> Clone for Param<T, U, F> {
   fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-    Self {
+    Self { data: self.data.clone(), _t: PhantomData, _u: PhantomData }
-      data: self.data.clone(),
-      _t: PhantomData::default(),
-      _u: PhantomData::default(),
-    }
   }
 }
 
 impl<
   T: 'static + TryFromExprInst,
   U: 'static + ToClause,
-  F: 'static + Clone + FnOnce(T) -> Result<U, Rc<dyn ExternError>>,
+  F: 'static + Clone + Send + FnOnce(T) -> Result<U, Rc<dyn ExternError>>,
 > ToClause for Param<T, U, F>
 {
   fn to_clause(self) -> Clause { self.xfn_cls() }
@@ -93,6 +87,11 @@ struct FnMiddleStage<T, U, F> {
   argument: ExprInst,
   f: Param<T, U, F>,
 }
+impl<T, U, F> StrictEq for FnMiddleStage<T, U, F> {
+  fn strict_eq(&self, _other: &dyn std::any::Any) -> bool {
+    unimplemented!("This should never be able to appear in a pattern")
+  }
+}
 
 impl<T, U, F: Clone> Clone for FnMiddleStage<T, U, F> {
   fn clone(&self) -> Self {
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ impl<T, U, F> Responder for FnMiddleStage<T, U, F> {}
 impl<
   T: 'static + TryFromExprInst,
   U: 'static + ToClause,
-  F: 'static + Clone + FnOnce(T) -> Result<U, Rc<dyn ExternError>>,
+  F: 'static + Clone + FnOnce(T) -> Result<U, Rc<dyn ExternError>> + Send,
 > Atomic for FnMiddleStage<T, U, F>
 {
   fn as_any(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn std::any::Any> { self }
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ impl<
 impl<
   T: 'static + TryFromExprInst,
   U: 'static + ToClause,
-  F: 'static + Clone + FnOnce(T) -> Result<U, Rc<dyn ExternError>>,
+  F: 'static + Clone + Send + FnOnce(T) -> Result<U, Rc<dyn ExternError>>,
 > ExternFn for Param<T, U, F>
 {
   fn name(&self) -> &str { "anonymous Rust function" }
@@ -155,16 +154,16 @@ pub mod constructors {
           " Orchid function. See also Constraints summarized:\n\n"
           "- the callback must live as long as `'static`\n"
           "- All arguments must implement [TryFromExprInst]\n"
-          "- all but the last argument must implement [Clone]\n"
+          "- all but the last argument must implement [Clone] and [Send]\n"
           "- the return type must implement [ToClause].\n\n"
         ]
         #[doc = "Other arities: " $( "[xfn_" $alt "ary], " )+ ]
         pub fn [< xfn_ $number ary >] <
-          $( $t : TryFromExprInst + Clone + 'static, )*
+          $( $t : TryFromExprInst + Clone + Send + 'static, )*
           TLast: TryFromExprInst + 'static,
-          TReturn: ToClause + 'static,
+          TReturn: ToClause + Send + 'static,
           TFunction: FnOnce( $( $t , )* TLast )
-            -> Result<TReturn, Rc<dyn ExternError>> + Clone + 'static
+            -> Result<TReturn, Rc<dyn ExternError>> + Clone + Send + 'static
         >(function: TFunction) -> impl ExternFn {
           xfn_variant!(@BODY_LOOP function
             ( $( ( $t [< $t:lower >] ) )* )

src/foreign/inert.rs

@@ -2,22 +2,25 @@ use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use ordered_float::NotNan;
+
+use super::atom::StrictEq;
 use super::{AtomicResult, AtomicReturn, ExternError};
+use crate::error::AssertionError;
 #[allow(unused)] // for doc
 // use crate::define_fn;
 use crate::foreign::Atomic;
 use crate::interpreted::{Clause, Expr, ExprInst, TryFromExprInst};
 use crate::interpreter::Context;
-use crate::systems::AssertionError;
+use crate::systems::stl::Numeric;
 use crate::utils::ddispatch::{Request, Responder};
-use crate::Primitive;
 
 /// A proxy trait that implements [Atomic] for blobs of data in Rust code that
 /// cannot be processed and always report inert. Since these are expected to be
 /// parameters of functions defined with [define_fn] it also automatically
 /// implements [TryFromExprInst] so that a conversion doesn't have to be
 /// provided in argument lists.
-pub trait InertAtomic: Debug + Clone + 'static {
+pub trait InertAtomic: Debug + Clone + Send + 'static {
   /// Typename to be shown in the error when a conversion from [ExprInst] fails
   #[must_use]
   fn type_str() -> &'static str;
@@ -25,9 +28,29 @@ pub trait InertAtomic: Debug + Clone + 'static {
   /// you need it, but behaves exactly as the default implementation.
   #[allow(unused_mut, unused_variables)] // definition should show likely usage
   fn respond(&self, mut request: Request) {}
+  /// Equality comparison used by the pattern matcher. Since the pattern matcher
+  /// only works with parsed code, you only need to implement this if your type
+  /// is directly parseable.
+  ///
+  /// If your type implements [PartialEq], this can simply be implemented as
+  /// ```ignore
+  /// fn strict_eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self == other }
+  /// ```
+  fn strict_eq(&self, _: &Self) -> bool { false }
+}
+impl<T: InertAtomic> StrictEq for T {
+  fn strict_eq(&self, other: &dyn Any) -> bool {
+    other.downcast_ref().map_or(false, |other| self.strict_eq(other))
+  }
 }
 impl<T: InertAtomic> Responder for T {
-  fn respond(&self, request: Request) { self.respond(request) }
+  fn respond(&self, mut request: Request) {
+    if request.can_serve::<T>() {
+      request.serve(self.clone())
+    } else {
+      self.respond(request)
+    }
+  }
 }
 impl<T: InertAtomic> Atomic for T {
   fn as_any(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn Any> { self }
@@ -42,7 +65,7 @@ impl<T: InertAtomic> TryFromExprInst for T {
   fn from_exi(exi: ExprInst) -> Result<Self, Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
     let Expr { clause, location } = exi.expr_val();
     match clause {
-      Clause::P(Primitive::Atom(a)) => match a.0.as_any().downcast() {
+      Clause::Atom(a) => match a.0.as_any().downcast() {
         Ok(t) => Ok(*t),
         Err(_) => AssertionError::fail(location, Self::type_str()),
       },
@@ -50,3 +73,24 @@ impl<T: InertAtomic> TryFromExprInst for T {
     }
   }
 }
+
+impl InertAtomic for bool {
+  fn type_str() -> &'static str { "bool" }
+  fn strict_eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self == other }
+}
+
+impl InertAtomic for usize {
+  fn type_str() -> &'static str { "usize" }
+  fn strict_eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self == other }
+  fn respond(&self, mut request: Request) {
+    request.serve(Numeric::Uint(*self))
+  }
+}
+
+impl InertAtomic for NotNan<f64> {
+  fn type_str() -> &'static str { "NotNan<f64>" }
+  fn strict_eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self == other }
+  fn respond(&self, mut request: Request) {
+    request.serve(Numeric::Float(*self))
+  }
+}

src/foreign/mod.rs

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ mod inert;
 
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-pub use atom::{Atom, Atomic, AtomicResult, AtomicReturn};
+pub use atom::{Atom, Atomic, AtomicResult, AtomicReturn, StrictEq};
-pub use extern_fn::{ExternError, ExternFn};
+pub use extern_fn::{ExternError, ExternFn, ExFn};
 pub use fn_bridge::constructors::{
   xfn_1ary, xfn_2ary, xfn_3ary, xfn_4ary, xfn_5ary, xfn_6ary, xfn_7ary,
   xfn_8ary, xfn_9ary,

src/interner/monotype.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
-use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::hash::{BuildHasher, Hash};
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::{RwLock, Arc};
 
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 
@@ -11,32 +10,32 @@ use super::token::Tok;
 /// Lasso but much simpler, in part because not much can be known about the
 /// type.
 pub struct TypedInterner<T: 'static + Eq + Hash + Clone> {
-  tokens: RefCell<HashMap<Rc<T>, Tok<T>>>,
+  tokens: RwLock<HashMap<Arc<T>, Tok<T>>>,
 }
 impl<T: Eq + Hash + Clone> TypedInterner<T> {
   /// Create a fresh interner instance
   #[must_use]
-  pub fn new() -> Rc<Self> {
+  pub fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
-    Rc::new(Self { tokens: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()) })
+    Arc::new(Self { tokens: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()) })
   }
 
   /// Intern an object, returning a token
   #[must_use]
   pub fn i<Q: ?Sized + Eq + Hash + ToOwned<Owned = T>>(
-    self: &Rc<Self>,
+    self: &Arc<Self>,
     q: &Q,
   ) -> Tok<T>
   where
     T: Borrow<Q>,
   {
-    let mut tokens = self.tokens.borrow_mut();
+    let mut tokens = self.tokens.write().unwrap();
     let hash = compute_hash(tokens.hasher(), q);
     let raw_entry = tokens
       .raw_entry_mut()
       .from_hash(hash, |k| <T as Borrow<Q>>::borrow(k) == q);
     let kv = raw_entry.or_insert_with(|| {
-      let keyrc = Rc::new(q.to_owned());
+      let keyrc = Arc::new(q.to_owned());
-      let token = Tok::<T>::new(keyrc.clone(), Rc::downgrade(self));
+      let token = Tok::<T>::new(keyrc.clone(), Arc::downgrade(self));
       (keyrc, token)
     });
     kv.1.clone()

src/interner/multitype.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::any::{Any, TypeId};
 use std::borrow::Borrow;
 use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
 use std::hash::Hash;
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use super::token::Tok;
 /// that implements [ToOwned]. Objects of the same type are stored together in a
 /// [TypedInterner].
 pub struct Interner {
-  interners: RefCell<HashMap<TypeId, Rc<dyn Any>>>,
+  interners: RefCell<HashMap<TypeId, Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>>,
 }
 impl Interner {
   /// Create a new interner
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ impl Interner {
   #[must_use]
   pub fn i<Q: ?Sized + Eq + Hash + ToOwned>(&self, q: &Q) -> Tok<Q::Owned>
   where
-    Q::Owned: 'static + Eq + Hash + Clone + Borrow<Q>,
+    Q::Owned: 'static + Eq + Hash + Clone + Borrow<Q> + Send + Sync,
   {
     let mut interners = self.interners.borrow_mut();
     let interner = get_interner(&mut interners);
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ impl Default for Interner {
 
 /// Get or create an interner for a given type.
 #[must_use]
-fn get_interner<T: 'static + Eq + Hash + Clone>(
+fn get_interner<T: 'static + Eq + Hash + Clone + Send + Sync>(
-  interners: &mut RefMut<HashMap<TypeId, Rc<dyn Any>>>,
+  interners: &mut RefMut<HashMap<TypeId, Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>>>,
-) -> Rc<TypedInterner<T>> {
+) -> Arc<TypedInterner<T>> {
   let boxed = interners
     .raw_entry_mut()
     .from_key(&TypeId::of::<T>())

src/interner/token.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::ops::Deref;
-use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 
 use super::TypedInterner;
 
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ use super::TypedInterner;
 /// currently not enforced.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Tok<T: Eq + Hash + Clone + 'static> {
-  data: Rc<T>,
+  data: Arc<T>,
   interner: Weak<TypedInterner<T>>,
 }
 impl<T: Eq + Hash + Clone + 'static> Tok<T> {
   /// Create a new token. Used exclusively by the interner
   #[must_use]
-  pub(crate) fn new(data: Rc<T>, interner: Weak<TypedInterner<T>>) -> Self {
+  pub(crate) fn new(data: Arc<T>, interner: Weak<TypedInterner<T>>) -> Self {
     Self { data, interner }
   }
   /// Take the ID number out of a token

src/interpreter/apply.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use super::error::RuntimeError;
 use super::Return;
 use crate::foreign::AtomicReturn;
 use crate::representations::interpreted::{Clause, ExprInst};
-use crate::representations::{PathSet, Primitive};
+use crate::representations::PathSet;
 use crate::utils::never::{unwrap_always, Always};
 use crate::utils::Side;
 
@@ -77,9 +77,8 @@ pub fn apply(
 ) -> Result<Return, RuntimeError> {
   let (state, (gas, inert)) = f.try_update(|clause, loc| match clause {
     // apply an ExternFn or an internal function
-    Clause::P(Primitive::ExternFn(f)) => {
+    Clause::ExternFn(f) => {
-      let clause =
+      let clause = f.apply(x, ctx.clone()).map_err(RuntimeError::Extern)?;
-        f.apply(x, ctx.clone()).map_err(|e| RuntimeError::Extern(e))?;
       Ok((clause, (ctx.gas.map(|g| g - 1), false)))
     },
     Clause::Lambda { args, body } => Ok(if let Some(args) = args {
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ pub fn apply(
       } else {
         Err(RuntimeError::MissingSymbol(name.clone(), loc))
       },
-    Clause::P(Primitive::Atom(atom)) => {
+    Clause::Atom(atom) => {
       // take a step in expanding atom
       let AtomicReturn { clause, gas, inert } = atom.run(ctx.clone())?;
       Ok((Clause::Apply { f: clause.wrap(), x }, (gas, inert)))

src/interpreter/handler.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use super::{run, Context, Return, RuntimeError};
 use crate::foreign::{Atom, Atomic, ExternError};
 use crate::interpreted::{Clause, Expr, ExprInst};
 use crate::utils::take_with_output;
-use crate::Primitive;
 
 trait_set! {
   trait Handler = FnMut(Box<dyn Any>) -> HandlerRes;
@@ -71,9 +70,9 @@ pub fn run_handler(
   loop {
     let mut ret = run(expr, ctx.clone())?;
     let quit = take_with_output(&mut ret.state, |exi| match exi.expr_val() {
-      Expr { clause: Clause::P(Primitive::Atom(a)), .. } => {
+      Expr { clause: Clause::Atom(a), .. } => {
         match handlers.dispatch(a.0) {
-          Err(b) => (Clause::P(Primitive::Atom(Atom(b))).wrap(), Ok(true)),
+          Err(b) => (Clause::Atom(Atom(b)).wrap(), Ok(true)),
           Ok(e) => match e {
             Ok(expr) => (expr, Ok(false)),
             Err(e) => (Clause::Bottom.wrap(), Err(e)),

src/interpreter/run.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use super::context::{Context, Return};
 use super::error::RuntimeError;
 use crate::foreign::AtomicReturn;
 use crate::representations::interpreted::{Clause, ExprInst};
-use crate::representations::Primitive;
 
 /// Normalize an expression using beta reduction with memoization
 pub fn run(expr: ExprInst, mut ctx: Context) -> Result<Return, RuntimeError> {
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ pub fn run(expr: ExprInst, mut ctx: Context) -> Result<Return, RuntimeError> {
             ctx.gas = res.gas;
             cls = res.state.expr().clause.clone();
           },
-          Clause::P(Primitive::Atom(data)) => {
+          Clause::Atom(data) => {
             let AtomicReturn { clause, gas, inert } = data.run(ctx.clone())?;
             if inert {
               return Ok((clause, (gas, true)));

src/lib.rs

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ pub use representations::project::{
   collect_consts, collect_rules, vname_to_sym_tree, ProjectTree,
 };
 pub use representations::{
-  ast, from_const_tree, interpreted, sourcefile, tree, ConstTree, Literal,
+  ast, from_const_tree, interpreted, sourcefile, tree, ConstTree, Location,
-  Location, NameLike, OrcString, PathSet, Primitive, Sym, VName,
+  NameLike, OrcString, PathSet, Sym, VName,
 };
 pub use utils::substack::Substack;
 pub use utils::{ddispatch, take_with_output, thread_pool, IdMap, Side};

src/parse/comment.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-pub use chumsky::prelude::*;
-pub use chumsky::{self, Parser};
-
-use super::decls::SimpleParser;
-
-/// Parses Lua-style comments
-#[must_use]
-pub fn comment_parser() -> impl SimpleParser<char, String> {
-  choice((
-    just("--[").ignore_then(take_until(just("]--").ignored())),
-    just("--").ignore_then(take_until(just("\n").rewind().ignored().or(end()))),
-  ))
-  .map(|(vc, ())| vc)
-  .collect()
-  .labelled("comment")
-}

src/parse/context.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,62 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::ops::Range;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use super::stream::Stream;
+use crate::error::ProjectResult;
+use crate::foreign::Atom;
 use crate::interner::Interner;
-use crate::{Tok, VName};
+use crate::sourcefile::FileEntryKind;
+use crate::{Location, VName};
 
 /// Trait enclosing all context features
 ///
 /// Hiding type parameters in associated types allows for simpler
 /// parser definitions
-pub trait Context: Clone {
+pub trait Context {
   #[must_use]
-  fn ops(&self) -> &[Tok<String>];
+  fn file(&self) -> Arc<VName>;
-  #[must_use]
-  fn file(&self) -> Rc<VName>;
   #[must_use]
   fn interner(&self) -> &Interner;
+  #[must_use]
+  fn source(&self) -> Arc<String>;
+  fn lexers(&self) -> &[&dyn LexerPlugin];
+  fn line_parsers(&self) -> &[&dyn LineParser];
+  #[must_use]
+  fn pos(&self, tail: &str) -> usize { self.source().len() - tail.len() }
+  #[must_use]
+  fn location(&self, len: usize, tail: &str) -> Location {
+    match self.pos(tail).checked_sub(len) {
+      Some(start) => self.range_loc(start..self.pos(tail)),
+      None => {
+        let tl = tail.len();
+        panic!("len={len} greater than tail.len()={tl}; tail={tail:?}")
+      },
+    }
+  }
+  #[must_use]
+  fn range_loc(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Location {
+    Location::Range { file: self.file(), range, source: self.source() }
+  }
+}
+
+pub type LexerPluginOut<'a> = Option<ProjectResult<(Atom, &'a str)>>;
+pub type LineParserOut = Option<ProjectResult<Vec<FileEntryKind>>>;
+pub trait LexerPlugin:
+  for<'a> Fn(&'a str, &dyn Context) -> LexerPluginOut<'a> + Sync + Send
+{
+}
+impl<F> LexerPlugin for F where
+  F: for<'a> Fn(&'a str, &dyn Context) -> LexerPluginOut<'a> + Sync + Send
+{
+}
+
+pub trait LineParser:
+  Fn(Stream<'_>, &dyn Context) -> LineParserOut + Sync + Send
+{
+}
+impl<F> LineParser for F where
+  F: Fn(Stream<'_>, &dyn Context) -> LineParserOut + Sync + Send
+{
 }
 
 /// Struct implementing context
@@ -21,29 +64,55 @@ pub trait Context: Clone {
 /// Hiding type parameters in associated types allows for simpler
 /// parser definitions
 pub struct ParsingContext<'a> {
-  pub ops: &'a [Tok<String>],
   pub interner: &'a Interner,
-  pub file: Rc<VName>,
+  pub file: Arc<VName>,
+  pub source: Arc<String>,
+  pub lexers: &'a [&'a dyn LexerPlugin],
+  pub line_parsers: &'a [&'a dyn LineParser],
 }
 
 impl<'a> ParsingContext<'a> {
   pub fn new(
-    ops: &'a [Tok<String>],
     interner: &'a Interner,
-    file: Rc<VName>,
+    file: Arc<VName>,
+    source: Arc<String>,
+    lexers: &'a [&'a dyn LexerPlugin],
+    line_parsers: &'a [&'a dyn LineParser],
   ) -> Self {
-    Self { ops, interner, file }
+    Self { interner, file, source, lexers, line_parsers }
   }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Clone for ParsingContext<'a> {
   fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-    Self { ops: self.ops, interner: self.interner, file: self.file.clone() }
+    Self {
+      interner: self.interner,
+      file: self.file.clone(),
+      source: self.source.clone(),
+      lexers: self.lexers,
+      line_parsers: self.line_parsers,
+    }
   }
 }
 
 impl Context for ParsingContext<'_> {
   fn interner(&self) -> &Interner { self.interner }
-  fn file(&self) -> Rc<VName> { self.file.clone() }
+  fn file(&self) -> Arc<VName> { self.file.clone() }
-  fn ops(&self) -> &[Tok<String>] { self.ops }
+  fn source(&self) -> Arc<String> { self.source.clone() }
+  fn lexers(&self) -> &[&dyn LexerPlugin] { self.lexers }
+  fn line_parsers(&self) -> &[&dyn LineParser] { self.line_parsers }
+}
+
+pub struct MockContext<'a>(pub &'a Interner);
+impl<'a> Context for MockContext<'a> {
+  // these are doing something
+  fn interner(&self) -> &Interner { self.0 }
+  fn pos(&self, tail: &str) -> usize { usize::MAX / 2 - tail.len() }
+  // these are expendable
+  fn file(&self) -> Arc<VName> { Arc::new(Vec::new()) }
+  fn lexers(&self) -> &[&dyn LexerPlugin] { &[] }
+  fn line_parsers(&self) -> &[&dyn LineParser] { &[] }
+  fn location(&self, _: usize, _: &str) -> Location { Location::Unknown }
+  fn range_loc(&self, _: Range<usize>) -> Location { Location::Unknown }
+  fn source(&self) -> Arc<String> { Arc::new(String::new()) }
 }

src/parse/decls.rs

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-use std::hash::Hash;
-
-use chumsky::prelude::Simple;
-use chumsky::{BoxedParser, Parser};
-use trait_set::trait_set;
-
-trait_set! {
-  /// Wrapper around [Parser] with [Simple] error to avoid repeating the input
-  pub trait SimpleParser<I: Eq + Hash + Clone, O> =
-    Parser<I, O, Error = Simple<I>>;
-}
-/// Boxed version of [SimpleParser]
-pub type BoxedSimpleParser<'a, I, O> = BoxedParser<'a, I, O, Simple<I>>;

src/parse/errors.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use chumsky::prelude::Simple;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use super::{Entry, Lexeme};
-use crate::error::{ErrorPosition, ProjectError};
+use crate::error::ProjectError;
-use crate::utils::BoxedIter;
+use crate::{Location, Tok};
-use crate::{Location, Tok, VName};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct LineNeedsPrefix {
@@ -14,10 +12,10 @@ pub struct LineNeedsPrefix {
 }
 impl ProjectError for LineNeedsPrefix {
   fn description(&self) -> &str { "This linetype requires a prefix" }
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
   fn message(&self) -> String {
     format!("{} cannot appear at the beginning of a line", self.entry)
   }
-  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -27,14 +25,12 @@ pub struct UnexpectedEOL {
 }
 impl ProjectError for UnexpectedEOL {
   fn description(&self) -> &str { "The line ended abruptly" }
-
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
   fn message(&self) -> String {
     "The line ends unexpectedly here. In Orchid, all line breaks outside \
      parentheses start a new declaration"
       .to_string()
   }
-
-  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
 }
 
 pub struct ExpectedEOL {
@@ -58,10 +54,8 @@ impl ExpectedName {
   }
 }
 impl ProjectError for ExpectedName {
-  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "A name was expected" }
-    "A name was expected here, but something else was found"
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
-  }
-
   fn message(&self) -> String {
     if self.entry.is_keyword() {
       format!(
@@ -72,8 +66,6 @@ impl ProjectError for ExpectedName {
       format!("Expected a name, found {}", self.entry)
     }
   }
-
-  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
 }
 
 #[derive()]
@@ -84,18 +76,15 @@ pub struct Expected {
 }
 impl Expected {
   pub fn expect(l: Lexeme, e: &Entry) -> Result<(), Rc<dyn ProjectError>> {
-    if e.lexeme != l {
+    if e.lexeme.strict_eq(&l) {
-      return Err(
+      return Ok(());
-        Self { expected: vec![l], or_name: false, found: e.clone() }.rc(),
-      );
     }
-    Ok(())
+    Err(Self { expected: vec![l], or_name: false, found: e.clone() }.rc())
   }
 }
 impl ProjectError for Expected {
-  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "A concrete token was expected" }
-    "A concrete token was expected but something else was found"
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.found.location() }
-  }
   fn message(&self) -> String {
     let list = match &self.expected[..] {
       &[] => return "Unsatisfiable expectation".to_string(),
@@ -108,21 +97,15 @@ impl ProjectError for Expected {
     let or_name = if self.or_name { " or a name" } else { "" };
     format!("Expected {list}{or_name} but found {}", self.found)
   }
-
-  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.found.location() }
 }
 
 pub struct ReservedToken {
   pub entry: Entry,
 }
 impl ProjectError for ReservedToken {
-  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "Syntax reserved for future use" }
-    "A token reserved for future use was found in the code"
-  }
-
-  fn message(&self) -> String { format!("{} is a reserved token", self.entry) }
-
   fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
+  fn message(&self) -> String { format!("{} is a reserved token", self.entry) }
 }
 
 pub struct BadTokenInRegion {
@@ -130,15 +113,11 @@ pub struct BadTokenInRegion {
   pub region: &'static str,
 }
 impl ProjectError for BadTokenInRegion {
-  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "An unexpected token was found" }
-    "A token was found in a region where it should not appear"
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
-  }
-
   fn message(&self) -> String {
     format!("{} cannot appear in {}", self.entry, self.region)
   }
-
-  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
 }
 
 pub struct NotFound {
@@ -146,70 +125,90 @@ pub struct NotFound {
   pub location: Location,
 }
 impl ProjectError for NotFound {
-  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "A specific lexeme was expected" }
-    "A specific lexeme was expected but not found in the given range"
-  }
-
-  fn message(&self) -> String { format!("{} was expected", self.expected) }
-
   fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.location.clone() }
+  fn message(&self) -> String { format!("{} was expected", self.expected) }
 }
 
-pub struct LeadingNS {
+pub struct LeadingNS(pub Location);
-  pub location: Location,
-}
 impl ProjectError for LeadingNS {
   fn description(&self) -> &str { ":: can only follow a name token" }
-  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.location.clone() }
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
 }
 
-pub struct MisalignedParen {
+pub struct MisalignedParen(pub Entry);
-  pub entry: Entry,
-}
 impl ProjectError for MisalignedParen {
-  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "(), [] and {} must always pair up" }
-    "Parentheses (), [] and {} must always pair up"
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.location() }
-  }
+  fn message(&self) -> String { format!("This {} has no pair", self.0) }
-  fn message(&self) -> String { format!("This {} has no pair", self.entry) }
-  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.entry.location() }
 }
 
-pub struct NamespacedExport {
+pub struct NamespacedExport(pub Location);
-  pub location: Location,
-}
 impl ProjectError for NamespacedExport {
-  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "Only local names may be exported" }
-    "Exports can only refer to unnamespaced names in the local namespace"
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
-  }
-  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.location.clone() }
 }
 
-pub struct GlobExport {
+pub struct GlobExport(pub Location);
-  pub location: Location,
-}
 impl ProjectError for GlobExport {
-  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "Globstars are not allowed in exports" }
-    "Exports can only refer to concrete names, globstars are not allowed"
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
-  }
-  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.location.clone() }
 }
 
-pub struct LexError {
+pub struct NoStringEnd(pub Location);
-  pub errors: Vec<Simple<char>>,
+impl ProjectError for NoStringEnd {
-  pub source: Rc<String>,
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "A string literal was not closed with `\"`" }
-  pub file: VName,
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
 }
-impl ProjectError for LexError {
+
-  fn description(&self) -> &str { "An error occured during tokenization" }
+pub struct NoCommentEnd(pub Location);
-  fn positions(&self) -> BoxedIter<ErrorPosition> {
+impl ProjectError for NoCommentEnd {
-    let file = self.file.clone();
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "a comment was not closed with `]--`" }
-    Box::new(self.errors.iter().map(move |s| ErrorPosition {
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
-      location: Location::Range {
+}
-        file: Rc::new(file.clone()),
+
-        range: s.span(),
+pub struct FloatPlacehPrio(pub Location);
-        source: self.source.clone(),
+impl ProjectError for FloatPlacehPrio {
-      },
+  fn description(&self) -> &str {
-      message: Some(format!("{}", s)),
+    "a placeholder priority has a decimal point or a negative exponent"
-    }))
   }
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
+}
+
+pub struct NaNLiteral(pub Location);
+impl ProjectError for NaNLiteral {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "float literal decoded to NaN" }
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
+}
+
+pub struct LiteralOverflow(pub Location);
+impl ProjectError for LiteralOverflow {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "number literal described number greater than usize::MAX" }
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
+}
+
+pub struct ExpectedDigit(pub Location);
+impl ProjectError for ExpectedDigit {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "expected a digit" }
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
+}
+
+pub struct NotHex(pub Location);
+impl ProjectError for NotHex {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "Expected a hex digit" }
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
+}
+
+pub struct BadCodePoint(pub Location);
+impl ProjectError for BadCodePoint {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+    "\\uXXXX escape sequence does not describe valid code point"
+  }
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
+}
+
+pub struct BadEscapeSequence(pub Location);
+impl ProjectError for BadEscapeSequence {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str { "Unrecognized escape sequence" }
+  fn one_position(&self) -> Location { self.0.clone() }
 }

src/parse/facade.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,17 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-use chumsky::Parser;
-
 use super::context::Context;
-use super::errors::LexError;
+use super::lexer::lex;
-use super::lexer;
 use super::sourcefile::parse_module_body;
 use super::stream::Stream;
 use crate::error::{ParseErrorWithTokens, ProjectError, ProjectResult};
 use crate::representations::sourcefile::FileEntry;
 
-pub fn parse2(data: &str, ctx: impl Context) -> ProjectResult<Vec<FileEntry>> {
+pub fn parse2(ctx: impl Context) -> ProjectResult<Vec<FileEntry>> {
-  let source = Rc::new(data.to_string());
+  let tokens = lex(vec![], ctx.source().as_str(), &ctx).expect("debug");
-  let lexie = lexer(ctx.clone(), source.clone());
-  let tokens = (lexie.parse(data)).map_err(|errors| {
-    LexError {
-      errors,
-      file: ctx.file().as_ref().clone(),
-      source: source.clone(),
-    }
-    .rc()
-  })?;
   if tokens.is_empty() {
     Ok(Vec::new())
   } else {
-    parse_module_body(Stream::from_slice(&tokens), ctx).map_err(|error| {
+    parse_module_body(Stream::from_slice(&tokens), &ctx).map_err(|error| {
-      ParseErrorWithTokens { error, full_source: data.to_string(), tokens }.rc()
+      ParseErrorWithTokens { error, full_source: ctx.source().to_string(), tokens }.rc()
     })
   }
 }

src/parse/lexer.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
-use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::ops::Range;
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use chumsky::prelude::*;
-use chumsky::text::keyword;
-use chumsky::Parser;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use ordered_float::NotNan;
 
+use super::LexerPlugin;
 use super::context::Context;
-use super::decls::SimpleParser;
+use super::errors::{FloatPlacehPrio, NoCommentEnd};
-use super::number::print_nat16;
+use super::numeric::{parse_num, print_nat16, numstart};
-use super::{comment, name, number, placeholder, string};
 use crate::ast::{PHClass, Placeholder};
+use crate::error::{ProjectResult, ProjectError};
+use crate::foreign::Atom;
 use crate::interner::Tok;
-use crate::parse::operators::operators_parser;
+use crate::parse::numeric::{numchar, lex_numeric};
-use crate::representations::Literal;
+use crate::parse::string::lex_string;
-use crate::{Interner, Location, VName};
+use crate::systems::stl::Numeric;
+use crate::utils::pure_seq::next;
+use crate::utils::unwrap_or;
+use crate::{Location, VName};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Entry {
   pub lexeme: Lexeme,
   pub location: Location,
@@ -32,14 +34,15 @@ impl Entry {
 
   #[must_use]
   pub fn is_keyword(&self) -> bool {
-    matches!(
+    false
-      self.lexeme,
+    // matches!(
-      Lexeme::Const
+    //   self.lexeme,
-        | Lexeme::Export
+    //   Lexeme::Const
-        | Lexeme::Import
+    //     | Lexeme::Export
-        | Lexeme::Macro
+    //     | Lexeme::Import
-        | Lexeme::Module
+    //     | Lexeme::Macro
-    )
+    //     | Lexeme::Module
+    // )
   }
 
   #[must_use]
@@ -51,9 +54,13 @@ impl Entry {
   }
 
   #[must_use]
-  pub fn file(&self) -> Rc<VName> {
+  pub fn file(&self) -> Arc<VName> {
     self.location.file().expect("An Entry can only have a range location")
   }
+
+  fn new(location: Location, lexeme: Lexeme) -> Self {
+    Self { lexeme, location }
+  }
 }
 
 impl Display for Entry {
@@ -66,9 +73,9 @@ impl AsRef<Location> for Entry {
   fn as_ref(&self) -> &Location { &self.location }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum Lexeme {
-  Literal(Literal),
+  Atom(Atom),
   Name(Tok<String>),
   Arrow(NotNan<f64>),
   /// Walrus operator (formerly shorthand macro)
@@ -86,20 +93,19 @@ pub enum Lexeme {
   At,
   // Dot,
   Type, // type operator
-  Comment(Rc<String>),
+  Comment(Arc<String>),
-  Export,
+  // Export,
-  Import,
+  // Import,
-  Module,
+  // Module,
-  Macro,
+  // Macro,
-  Const,
+  // Const,
-  Operators(Rc<VName>),
   Placeh(Placeholder),
 }
 
 impl Display for Lexeme {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
     match self {
-      Self::Literal(l) => write!(f, "{:?}", l),
+      Self::Atom(a) => write!(f, "{a:?}"),
       Self::Name(token) => write!(f, "{}", **token),
       Self::Walrus => write!(f, ":="),
       Self::Arrow(prio) => write!(f, "={}=>", print_nat16(*prio)),
@@ -116,14 +122,11 @@ impl Display for Lexeme {
       Self::At => write!(f, "@"),
       Self::Type => write!(f, ":"),
       Self::Comment(text) => write!(f, "--[{}]--", text),
-      Self::Export => write!(f, "export"),
+      // Self::Export => write!(f, "export"),
-      Self::Import => write!(f, "import"),
+      // Self::Import => write!(f, "import"),
-      Self::Module => write!(f, "module"),
+      // Self::Module => write!(f, "module"),
-      Self::Const => write!(f, "const"),
+      // Self::Const => write!(f, "const"),
-      Self::Macro => write!(f, "macro"),
+      // Self::Macro => write!(f, "macro"),
-      Self::Operators(ops) => {
-        write!(f, "operators[{}]", Interner::extern_all(ops).join(" "))
-      },
       Self::Placeh(Placeholder { name, class }) => match *class {
         PHClass::Scalar => write!(f, "${}", **name),
         PHClass::Vec { nonzero, prio } => {
@@ -147,97 +150,192 @@ impl Lexeme {
     )
   }
 
-  #[must_use]
+  pub fn strict_eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-  pub fn parser<E: chumsky::Error<Entry>>(
+    match (self, other) {
-    self,
+      (Self::Arrow(f1), Self::Arrow(f2)) => f1 == f2,
-  ) -> impl Parser<Entry, Entry, Error = E> + Clone {
+      (Self::At, Self::At) | (Self::BR, Self::BR) => true,
-    filter(move |ent: &Entry| ent.lexeme == self)
+      (Self::BS, Self::BS) /*| (Self::Const, Self::Const)*/ => true,
+      // (Self::Export, Self::Export) | (Self::Import, Self::Import) => true,
+      // (Self::Macro, Self::Macro) | (Self::Module, Self::Module) => true,
+      (Self::NS, Self::NS) | (Self::Type, Self::Type) => true,
+      (Self::Walrus, Self::Walrus) => true,
+      (Self::Atom(a1), Self::Atom(a2)) => a1.0.strict_eq(&a2.0),
+      (Self::Comment(c1), Self::Comment(c2)) => c1 == c2,
+      (Self::LP(p1), Self::LP(p2)) | (Self::RP(p1), Self::RP(p2)) => p1 == p2,
+      (Self::Name(n1), Self::Name(n2)) => n1 == n2,
+      (Self::Placeh(ph1), Self::Placeh(ph2)) => ph1 == ph2,
+      (_, _) => false,
+    }
   }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[allow(unused)]
-pub struct LexedText(pub Vec<Entry>);
+pub fn format(lexed: &[Entry]) -> String { lexed.iter().join(" ") }
 
-impl Display for LexedText {
+pub fn namechar(c: char) -> bool { c.is_alphanumeric() | (c == '_') }
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+pub fn namestart(c: char) -> bool { c.is_alphabetic() | (c == '_') }
-    write!(f, "{}", self.0.iter().join(" "))
+pub fn opchar(c: char) -> bool {
+  !namestart(c) && !numstart(c) && !c.is_whitespace() && !"()[]{},".contains(c)
+}
+
+pub fn split_filter(
+  s: &str,
+  mut pred: impl FnMut(char) -> bool,
+) -> (&str, &str) {
+  s.find(|c| !pred(c)).map_or((s, ""), |i| s.split_at(i))
+}
+
+fn lit_table() -> impl IntoIterator<Item = (&'static str, Lexeme)> {
+  [
+    ("\\", Lexeme::BS),
+    ("@", Lexeme::At),
+    ("(", Lexeme::LP('(')),
+    ("[", Lexeme::LP('[')),
+    ("{", Lexeme::LP('{')),
+    (")", Lexeme::RP('(')),
+    ("]", Lexeme::RP('[')),
+    ("}", Lexeme::RP('{')),
+    ("\n", Lexeme::BR),
+    (":=", Lexeme::Walrus),
+    ("::", Lexeme::NS),
+    (":", Lexeme::Type),
+  ]
+}
+
+static BUILTIN_ATOMS: &[&dyn LexerPlugin] = &[&lex_string, &lex_numeric];
+
+pub fn lex(
+  mut tokens: Vec<Entry>,
+  mut data: &str,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
+) -> ProjectResult<Vec<Entry>> {
+  let mut prev_len = data.len() + 1;
+  'tail:loop {
+    if prev_len == data.len() {
+      panic!("got stuck at {data:?}, parsed {:?}", tokens.last().unwrap());
+    }
+    prev_len = data.len();
+    data = data.trim_start_matches(|c: char| c.is_whitespace() && c != '\n');
+    let (head, _) = match next(data.chars()) {
+      Some((h, t)) => (h, t.as_str()),
+      None => return Ok(tokens),
+    };
+    for lexer in ctx.lexers().iter().chain(BUILTIN_ATOMS.iter()) {
+      if let Some(res) = lexer(data, ctx) {
+        let (atom, tail) = res?;
+        if tail.len() == data.len() {
+          panic!("lexer plugin consumed 0 characters")
+        }
+        let loc = ctx.location(data.len() - tail.len(), tail);
+        tokens.push(Entry::new(loc, Lexeme::Atom(atom)));
+        data = tail;
+        continue 'tail;
+      }
+    }
+    for (prefix, lexeme) in lit_table() {
+      if let Some(tail) = data.strip_prefix(prefix) {
+        tokens.push(Entry::new(ctx.location(prefix.len(), tail), lexeme.clone()));
+        data = tail;
+        continue 'tail;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    if let Some(tail) = data.strip_prefix(',') {
+      let lexeme = Lexeme::Name(ctx.interner().i(","));
+      tokens.push(Entry::new(ctx.location(1, tail), lexeme));
+      data = tail;
+      continue 'tail;
+    }
+    if let Some(tail) = data.strip_prefix("--[") {
+      let (note, tail) = (tail.split_once("]--"))
+        .ok_or_else(|| NoCommentEnd(ctx.location(tail.len(), "")).rc())?;
+      let lexeme = Lexeme::Comment(Arc::new(note.to_string()));
+      let location = ctx.location(note.len() + 3, tail);
+      tokens.push(Entry::new(location, lexeme));
+      data = tail;
+      continue 'tail;
+    }
+    if let Some(tail) = data.strip_prefix("--") {
+      let (note, tail) = split_filter(tail, |c| c != '\n');
+      let lexeme = Lexeme::Comment(Arc::new(note.to_string()));
+      let location = ctx.location(note.len(), tail);
+      tokens.push(Entry::new(location, lexeme));
+      data = tail;
+      continue 'tail;
+    }
+    if let Some(tail) = data.strip_prefix('=') {
+      if tail.chars().next().map_or(false, numstart) {
+        let (num, post_num) = split_filter(tail, numchar);
+        if let Some(tail) = post_num.strip_prefix("=>") {
+          let lexeme = Lexeme::Arrow(parse_num(num).map_err(|e| e.into_proj(num.len(), post_num, ctx))?.as_float());
+          let location = ctx.location(num.len() + 3, tail);
+          tokens.push(Entry::new(location, lexeme));
+          data = tail;
+          continue 'tail;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // todo: parse placeholders, don't forget vectorials!
+    if let Some(tail) = data.strip_prefix('$') {
+      let (name, tail) = split_filter(tail, namechar);
+      if !name.is_empty() {
+        let name = ctx.interner().i(name);
+        let location = ctx.location(name.len() + 1, tail);
+        let lexeme = Lexeme::Placeh(Placeholder { name, class: PHClass::Scalar });
+        tokens.push(Entry::new(location, lexeme));
+        data = tail;
+        continue 'tail;
+      }
+    }
+    if let Some(vec) = data.strip_prefix("..") {
+      let (nonzero, tail) =
+        vec.strip_prefix('.').map_or((false, vec), |t| (true, t));
+      if let Some(tail) = tail.strip_prefix('$') {
+        let (name, tail) = split_filter(tail, namechar);
+        if !name.is_empty() {
+          let (prio, priolen, tail) = tail
+            .strip_prefix(':')
+            .map(|tail| split_filter(tail, numchar))
+            .filter(|(num, _)| !num.is_empty())
+            .map(|(num_str, tail)| {
+              parse_num(num_str)
+                .map_err(|e| e.into_proj(num_str.len(), tail, ctx))
+                .and_then(|num| {
+                  Ok(unwrap_or!(num => Numeric::Uint; {
+                    return Err(FloatPlacehPrio(ctx.location(num_str.len(), tail)).rc())
+                  }))
+                })
+                .map(|p| (p, num_str.len() + 1, tail))
+            })
+            .unwrap_or(Ok((0, 0, tail)))?;
+          let byte_len =  if nonzero { 4 } else { 3 } + priolen + name.len();
+          let name = ctx.interner().i(name);
+          let class = PHClass::Vec { nonzero, prio };
+          let lexeme = Lexeme::Placeh(Placeholder { name, class });
+          tokens.push(Entry::new(ctx.location(byte_len, tail), lexeme));
+          data = tail;
+          continue 'tail;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if namestart(head) {
+      let (name, tail) = split_filter(data, namechar);
+      if !name.is_empty() {
+        let lexeme = Lexeme::Name(ctx.interner().i(name));
+        tokens.push(Entry::new(ctx.location(name.len(), tail), lexeme));
+        data = tail;
+        continue 'tail;
+      }
+    }
+    if opchar(head) {
+      let (name, tail) = split_filter(data, opchar);
+      if !name.is_empty() {
+        let lexeme = Lexeme::Name(ctx.interner().i(name));
+        tokens.push(Entry::new(ctx.location(name.len(), tail), lexeme));
+        data = tail;
+        continue 'tail;
+      }
+    }
+    unreachable!(r#"opchar is pretty much defined as "not namechar" "#)
   }
 }
-
-#[must_use]
-fn paren_parser(lp: char, rp: char) -> impl SimpleParser<char, Lexeme> {
-  just(lp).to(Lexeme::LP(lp)).or(just(rp).to(Lexeme::RP(lp)))
-}
-
-#[must_use]
-pub fn literal_parser<'a>(
-  ctx: impl Context + 'a,
-) -> impl SimpleParser<char, Literal> + 'a {
-  choice((
-    // all ints are valid floats so it takes precedence
-    number::int_parser().map(Literal::Uint),
-    number::float_parser().map(Literal::Num),
-    string::str_parser()
-      .map(move |s| Literal::Str(ctx.interner().i(&s).into())),
-  ))
-}
-
-pub static BASE_OPS: &[&str] = &[",", ".", "..", "...", "*"];
-
-#[must_use]
-pub fn lexer<'a>(
-  ctx: impl Context + 'a,
-  source: Rc<String>,
-) -> impl SimpleParser<char, Vec<Entry>> + 'a {
-  let all_ops = ctx
-    .ops()
-    .iter()
-    .map(|op| op.as_ref())
-    .chain(BASE_OPS.iter().cloned())
-    .map(str::to_string)
-    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-  choice((
-    keyword("export").to(Lexeme::Export),
-    keyword("module").to(Lexeme::Module),
-    keyword("import").to(Lexeme::Import),
-    keyword("macro").to(Lexeme::Macro),
-    keyword("const").to(Lexeme::Const),
-    operators_parser({
-      let ctx = ctx.clone();
-      move |s| ctx.interner().i(&s)
-    })
-    .map(|v| Lexeme::Operators(Rc::new(v))),
-    paren_parser('(', ')'),
-    paren_parser('[', ']'),
-    paren_parser('{', '}'),
-    just(":=").to(Lexeme::Walrus),
-    just("=")
-      .ignore_then(number::float_parser())
-      .then_ignore(just("=>"))
-      .map(Lexeme::rule),
-    comment::comment_parser().map(|s| Lexeme::Comment(Rc::new(s))),
-    placeholder::placeholder_parser(ctx.clone()).map(Lexeme::Placeh),
-    just("::").to(Lexeme::NS),
-    just('\\').to(Lexeme::BS),
-    just('@').to(Lexeme::At),
-    just(':').to(Lexeme::Type),
-    just('\n').to(Lexeme::BR),
-    // just('.').to(Lexeme::Dot),
-    literal_parser(ctx.clone()).map(Lexeme::Literal),
-    name::name_parser(&all_ops).map({
-      let ctx = ctx.clone();
-      move |n| Lexeme::Name(ctx.interner().i(&n))
-    }),
-  ))
-  .map_with_span(move |lexeme, range| Entry {
-    lexeme,
-    location: Location::Range {
-      range,
-      file: ctx.file(),
-      source: source.clone(),
-    },
-  })
-  .padded_by(one_of(" \t").repeated())
-  .repeated()
-  .then_ignore(end())
-}

src/parse/mod.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
-mod comment;
 mod context;
-mod decls;
 mod errors;
 mod facade;
 mod lexer;
 mod multiname;
-mod name;
+mod numeric;
-mod number;
-mod operators;
-mod placeholder;
 mod sourcefile;
 mod stream;
 mod string;
 
-pub use context::ParsingContext;
+pub use context::{ParsingContext, Context, LexerPlugin, LineParser};
 pub use facade::parse2;
-pub use lexer::{lexer, Entry, Lexeme};
+pub use lexer::{namechar, namestart, opchar, split_filter, Entry, Lexeme};
-pub use number::{float_parser, int_parser, print_nat16};
+pub use numeric::{
+  lex_numeric, numchar, numstart, parse_num, print_nat16, NumError,
+  NumErrorKind,
+};
+pub use string::{lex_string, parse_string, StringError, StringErrorKind};

src/parse/multiname.rs

@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ impl Subresult {
   }
 }
 
-fn parse_multiname_branch(
+fn parse_multiname_branch<'a>(
-  cursor: Stream<'_>,
+  cursor: Stream<'a>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
-) -> ProjectResult<(BoxedIter<Subresult>, Stream<'_>)> {
+) -> ProjectResult<(BoxedIter<'a, Subresult>, Stream<'a>)> {
   let comma = ctx.interner().i(",");
-  let (subnames, cursor) = parse_multiname_rec(cursor, ctx.clone())?;
+  let (subnames, cursor) = parse_multiname_rec(cursor, ctx)?;
   let (delim, cursor) = cursor.trim().pop()?;
   match &delim.lexeme {
     Lexeme::Name(n) if n == &comma => {
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ fn parse_multiname_branch(
   }
 }
 
-fn parse_multiname_rec(
+fn parse_multiname_rec<'a>(
-  curosr: Stream<'_>,
+  curosr: Stream<'a>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
-) -> ProjectResult<(BoxedIter<Subresult>, Stream<'_>)> {
+) -> ProjectResult<(BoxedIter<'a, Subresult>, Stream<'a>)> {
   let star = ctx.interner().i("*");
   let comma = ctx.interner().i(",");
   let (head, mut cursor) = curosr.trim().pop()?;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ fn parse_multiname_rec(
       Ok((box_once(Subresult::new_glob(head.location())), cursor)),
     Lexeme::Name(n) if ![comma, star].contains(n) => {
       let cursor = cursor.trim();
-      if cursor.get(0).ok().map(|e| &e.lexeme) == Some(&Lexeme::NS) {
+      if cursor.get(0).map_or(false, |e| e.lexeme.strict_eq(&Lexeme::NS)) {
         let cursor = cursor.step()?;
         let (out, cursor) = parse_multiname_rec(cursor, ctx)?;
         let out = Box::new(out.map(|sr| sr.push_front(n.clone())));
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ fn parse_multiname_rec(
   }
 }
 
-pub fn parse_multiname(
+pub fn parse_multiname<'a>(
-  cursor: Stream<'_>,
+  cursor: Stream<'a>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
-) -> ProjectResult<(Vec<Import>, Stream<'_>)> {
+) -> ProjectResult<(Vec<Import>, Stream<'a>)> {
   let (output, cont) = parse_multiname_rec(cursor, ctx)?;
   Ok((output.map(|sr| sr.finalize()).collect(), cont))
 }

src/parse/name.rs

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-use chumsky::prelude::*;
-use chumsky::{self, Parser};
-
-use super::decls::{BoxedSimpleParser, SimpleParser};
-
-/// Matches any one of the passed operators, preferring longer ones
-fn op_parser<'a>(
-  ops: &[impl AsRef<str> + Clone],
-) -> BoxedSimpleParser<'a, char, String> {
-  let mut sorted_ops: Vec<String> =
-    ops.iter().map(|t| t.as_ref().to_string()).collect();
-  sorted_ops.sort_by_key(|op| -(op.len() as i64));
-  sorted_ops
-    .into_iter()
-    .map(|op| just(op).boxed())
-    .reduce(|a, b| a.or(b).boxed())
-    .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-      empty().map(|()| panic!("Empty isn't meant to match")).boxed()
-    })
-    .labelled("operator")
-    .boxed()
-}
-
-/// Characters that cannot be parsed as part of an operator
-///
-/// The initial operator list overrides this.
-pub static NOT_NAME_CHAR: &[char] = &[
-  ':', // used for namespacing and type annotations
-  '\\', '@', // parametric expression starters
-  '"', // parsed as primitive and therefore would never match
-  '(', ')', '[', ']', '{', '}', // must be strictly balanced
-  '.', // Argument-body separator in parametrics
-  ',', // Import separator
-];
-
-/// Matches anything that's allowed as an operator
-///
-/// FIXME: `@name` without a dot should be parsed correctly for overrides.
-/// Could be an operator but then parametrics should take precedence,
-/// which might break stuff. investigate.
-///
-/// TODO: `.` could possibly be parsed as an operator in some contexts.
-/// This operator is very common in maths so it's worth a try.
-/// Investigate.
-#[must_use]
-pub fn anyop_parser<'a>() -> impl SimpleParser<char, String> + 'a {
-  filter(move |c| {
-    !NOT_NAME_CHAR.contains(c)
-      && !c.is_whitespace()
-      && !c.is_alphanumeric()
-      && c != &'_'
-  })
-  .repeated()
-  .at_least(1)
-  .collect()
-  .labelled("anyop")
-}
-
-/// Parse an operator or name. Failing both, parse everything up to
-/// the next whitespace or blacklisted character as a new operator.
-#[must_use]
-pub fn name_parser<'a>(
-  ops: &[impl AsRef<str> + Clone],
-) -> impl SimpleParser<char, String> + 'a {
-  choice((
-    op_parser(ops), // First try to parse a known operator
-    text::ident().labelled("plain text"), // Failing that, parse plain text
-    anyop_parser(), // Finally parse everything until tne next forbidden char
-  ))
-  .labelled("name")
-}

src/parse/number.rs

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-use chumsky::prelude::*;
-use chumsky::{self, Parser};
-use ordered_float::NotNan;
-
-use super::decls::SimpleParser;
-
-fn assert_not_digit(base: u32, c: char) {
-  if base > (10 + (c as u32 - 'a' as u32)) {
-    panic!("The character '{}' is a digit in base ({})", c, base)
-  }
-}
-
-/// Parse an arbitrarily grouped sequence of digits starting with an underscore.
-///
-/// TODO: this should use separated_by and parse the leading group too
-#[must_use]
-fn separated_digits_parser(base: u32) -> impl SimpleParser<char, String> {
-  just('_')
-    .ignore_then(text::digits(base))
-    .repeated()
-    .map(|sv| sv.iter().flat_map(|s| s.chars()).collect())
-}
-
-/// parse a grouped uint
-///
-/// Not to be confused with [int_parser] which does a lot more
-#[must_use]
-fn uint_parser(base: u32) -> impl SimpleParser<char, u64> {
-  text::int(base).then(separated_digits_parser(base)).map(
-    move |(s1, s2): (String, String)| {
-      u64::from_str_radix(&(s1 + &s2), base).unwrap()
-    },
-  )
-}
-
-/// parse exponent notation, or return 0 as the default exponent.
-/// The exponent is always in decimal.
-#[must_use]
-fn pow_parser() -> impl SimpleParser<char, i32> {
-  choice((
-    just('p').ignore_then(text::int(10)).map(|s: String| s.parse().unwrap()),
-    just("p-")
-      .ignore_then(text::int(10))
-      .map(|s: String| -s.parse::<i32>().unwrap()),
-  ))
-  .or_else(|_| Ok(0))
-}
-
-/// returns a mapper that converts a mantissa and an exponent into an uint
-///
-/// TODO it panics if it finds a negative exponent
-fn nat2u(base: u64) -> impl Fn((u64, i32)) -> u64 {
-  move |(val, exp)| {
-    if exp == 0 {
-      val
-    } else {
-      val * base.checked_pow(exp.try_into().unwrap()).unwrap()
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/// returns a mapper that converts a mantissa and an exponent into a float
-fn nat2f(base: u64) -> impl Fn((NotNan<f64>, i32)) -> NotNan<f64> {
-  move |(val, exp)| {
-    if exp == 0 {
-      val
-    } else {
-      val * (base as f64).powf(exp.try_into().unwrap())
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/// parse an uint from exponential notation (panics if 'p' is a digit in base)
-#[must_use]
-fn pow_uint_parser(base: u32) -> impl SimpleParser<char, u64> {
-  assert_not_digit(base, 'p');
-  uint_parser(base).then(pow_parser()).map(nat2u(base.into()))
-}
-
-/// parse an uint from a base determined by its prefix or lack thereof
-///
-/// Not to be confused with [uint_parser] which is a component of it.
-#[must_use]
-pub fn int_parser() -> impl SimpleParser<char, u64> {
-  choice((
-    just("0b").ignore_then(pow_uint_parser(2)),
-    just("0x").ignore_then(pow_uint_parser(16)),
-    just('0').ignore_then(pow_uint_parser(8)),
-    pow_uint_parser(10), // Dec has no prefix
-  ))
-}
-
-/// parse a float from dot notation
-#[must_use]
-fn dotted_parser(base: u32) -> impl SimpleParser<char, NotNan<f64>> {
-  uint_parser(base)
-    .then(
-      just('.')
-        .ignore_then(text::digits(base).then(separated_digits_parser(base)))
-        .map(move |(frac1, frac2)| {
-          let frac = frac1 + &frac2;
-          let frac_num = u64::from_str_radix(&frac, base).unwrap() as f64;
-          let dexp = base.pow(frac.len().try_into().unwrap());
-          frac_num / dexp as f64
-        })
-        .or_not()
-        .map(|o| o.unwrap_or_default()),
-    )
-    .try_map(|(wh, f), s| {
-      NotNan::new(wh as f64 + f)
-        .map_err(|_| Simple::custom(s, "Float literal evaluates to NaN"))
-    })
-}
-
-/// parse a float from dotted and optionally also exponential notation
-#[must_use]
-fn pow_float_parser(base: u32) -> impl SimpleParser<char, NotNan<f64>> {
-  assert_not_digit(base, 'p');
-  dotted_parser(base).then(pow_parser()).map(nat2f(base.into()))
-}
-
-/// parse a float with dotted and optionally exponential notation from a base
-/// determined by its prefix
-#[must_use]
-pub fn float_parser() -> impl SimpleParser<char, NotNan<f64>> {
-  choice((
-    just("0b").ignore_then(pow_float_parser(2)),
-    just("0x").ignore_then(pow_float_parser(16)),
-    just('0').ignore_then(pow_float_parser(8)),
-    pow_float_parser(10),
-  ))
-  .labelled("float")
-}
-
-#[must_use]
-pub fn print_nat16(num: NotNan<f64>) -> String {
-  let exp = num.log(16.0).floor();
-  let man = num / 16_f64.powf(exp);
-  format!("{man}p{exp:.0}")
-}

src/parse/numeric.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+use std::num::IntErrorKind;
+use std::ops::Range;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use ordered_float::NotNan;
+
+use super::context::Context;
+use super::errors::NaNLiteral;
+use super::lexer::split_filter;
+use crate::error::{ProjectError, ProjectResult};
+use crate::foreign::Atom;
+use crate::systems::stl::Numeric;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum NumErrorKind {
+  NaN,
+  Overflow,
+  InvalidDigit,
+}
+impl NumErrorKind {
+  fn from_int(kind: &IntErrorKind) -> Self {
+    match kind {
+      IntErrorKind::InvalidDigit => Self::InvalidDigit,
+      IntErrorKind::NegOverflow | IntErrorKind::PosOverflow => Self::Overflow,
+      _ => panic!("Impossible error condition"),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct NumError {
+  pub range: Range<usize>,
+  pub kind: NumErrorKind,
+}
+
+impl NumError {
+  pub fn into_proj(
+    self,
+    len: usize,
+    tail: &str,
+    ctx: &(impl Context + ?Sized),
+  ) -> Rc<dyn ProjectError> {
+    let start = ctx.source().len() - tail.len() - len + self.range.start;
+    let location = ctx.range_loc(start..start + self.range.len());
+    match self.kind {
+      NumErrorKind::NaN => NaNLiteral(location).rc(),
+      _ => panic!(),
+      // NumErrorKind::Int(iek) => IntError(location, iek).rc(),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+pub fn parse_num(string: &str) -> Result<Numeric, NumError> {
+  let overflow_err =
+    NumError { range: 0..string.len(), kind: NumErrorKind::Overflow };
+  let (radix, noprefix, pos) =
+    (string.strip_prefix("0x").map(|s| (16u8, s, 2)))
+      .or_else(|| string.strip_prefix("0b").map(|s| (2u8, s, 2)))
+      .or_else(|| string.strip_prefix("0o").map(|s| (8u8, s, 2)))
+      .unwrap_or((10u8, string, 0));
+  // identity
+  let (base, exponent) = match noprefix.split_once('p') {
+    Some((b, e)) => {
+      let (s, d, len) = e.strip_prefix('-').map_or((1, e, 0), |ue| (-1, ue, 1));
+      (b, s * int_parse(d, radix, pos + b.len() + 1 + len)? as i32)
+    },
+    None => (noprefix, 0),
+  };
+  match base.split_once('.') {
+    None => {
+      let base_usize = int_parse(base, radix, pos)?;
+      if let Ok(pos_exp) = u32::try_from(exponent) {
+        if let Some(radical) = usize::from(radix).checked_pow(pos_exp) {
+          let number = base_usize.checked_mul(radical).ok_or(overflow_err)?;
+          return Ok(Numeric::Uint(number));
+        }
+      }
+      let f = (base_usize as f64) * (radix as f64).powi(exponent);
+      let err = NumError { range: 0..string.len(), kind: NumErrorKind::NaN };
+      Ok(Numeric::Float(NotNan::new(f).map_err(|_| err)?))
+    },
+    Some((whole, part)) => {
+      let whole_n = int_parse(whole, radix, pos)? as f64;
+      let part_n = int_parse(part, radix, pos + whole.len() + 1)? as f64;
+      let real_val = whole_n + (part_n / radix.pow(part.len() as u32) as f64);
+      let f = real_val * (radix as f64).powi(exponent);
+      Ok(Numeric::Float(NotNan::new(f).expect("None of the inputs are NaN")))
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+fn int_parse(s: &str, radix: u8, start: usize) -> Result<usize, NumError> {
+  let s = s.chars().filter(|c| *c != '_').collect::<String>();
+  let range = start..(start + s.len());
+  usize::from_str_radix(&s, radix as u32)
+    .map_err(|e| NumError { range, kind: NumErrorKind::from_int(e.kind()) })
+}
+
+pub fn numchar(c: char) -> bool { c.is_alphanumeric() | "._-".contains(c) }
+pub fn numstart(c: char) -> bool { c.is_ascii_digit() }
+
+pub fn lex_numeric<'a>(
+  data: &'a str,
+  ctx: &dyn Context,
+) -> Option<ProjectResult<(Atom, &'a str)>> {
+  data.chars().next().filter(|c| numstart(*c)).map(|_| {
+    let (num_str, tail) = split_filter(data, numchar);
+    match parse_num(num_str) {
+      Ok(Numeric::Float(f)) => Ok((Atom::new(f), tail)),
+      Ok(Numeric::Uint(i)) => Ok((Atom::new(i), tail)),
+      Err(e) => Err(e.into_proj(num_str.len(), tail, ctx)),
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+  use crate::parse::numeric::parse_num;
+  use crate::systems::stl::Numeric;
+
+  #[test]
+  fn just_ints() {
+    let test = |s, n| assert_eq!(parse_num(s), Ok(Numeric::Uint(n)));
+    test("12345", 12345);
+    test("0xcafebabe", 0xcafebabe);
+    test("0o751", 0o751);
+    test("0b111000111", 0b111000111);
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn decimals() {
+    let test = |s, n| assert_eq!(parse_num(s).map(|n| n.as_f64()), Ok(n));
+    test("3.1417", 3.1417);
+    test("3.1417", 3_f64 + 1417_f64 / 10000_f64);
+    test("0xf.cafe", 0xf as f64 + 0xcafe as f64 / 0x10000 as f64);
+    test("34p3", 34000f64);
+    test("0x2p3", (0x2 * 0x1000) as f64);
+    test("1.5p3", 1500f64);
+    test("0x2.5p3", (0x25 * 0x100) as f64);
+  }
+}
+
+#[must_use]
+pub fn print_nat16(num: NotNan<f64>) -> String {
+  let exp = num.log(16.0).floor();
+  let man = num / 16_f64.powf(exp);
+  format!("{man}p{exp:.0}")
+}

src/parse/operators.rs

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-use chumsky::prelude::*;
-
-use super::decls::SimpleParser;
-
-#[must_use]
-pub fn operators_parser<T>(
-  f: impl Fn(String) -> T,
-) -> impl SimpleParser<char, Vec<T>> {
-  filter(|c: &char| c != &']' && !c.is_whitespace())
-    .repeated()
-    .at_least(1)
-    .collect()
-    .map(f)
-    .separated_by(text::whitespace())
-    .allow_leading()
-    .allow_trailing()
-    .at_least(1)
-    .delimited_by(just("operators["), just(']'))
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-  use chumsky::Parser;
-
-  use super::operators_parser;
-
-  #[test]
-  fn operators_scratchpad() {
-    let parsely = operators_parser(|s| s);
-    println!("{:?}", parsely.parse("operators[$ |> =>]"))
-  }
-}

src/parse/placeholder.rs

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-use chumsky::prelude::*;
-use chumsky::Parser;
-
-use super::context::Context;
-use super::decls::SimpleParser;
-use super::number::int_parser;
-use crate::ast::{PHClass, Placeholder};
-
-#[must_use]
-pub fn placeholder_parser(
-  ctx: impl Context,
-) -> impl SimpleParser<char, Placeholder> {
-  choice((
-    just("...").to(Some(true)),
-    just("..").to(Some(false)),
-    empty().to(None),
-  ))
-  .then(just("$").ignore_then(text::ident()))
-  .then(just(":").ignore_then(int_parser()).or_not())
-  .try_map(move |((vec_nonzero, name), vec_prio), span| {
-    let name = ctx.interner().i(&name);
-    if let Some(nonzero) = vec_nonzero {
-      let prio = vec_prio.unwrap_or_default();
-      Ok(Placeholder { name, class: PHClass::Vec { nonzero, prio } })
-    } else if vec_prio.is_some() {
-      Err(Simple::custom(span, "Scalar placeholders have no priority"))
-    } else {
-      Ok(Placeholder { name, class: PHClass::Scalar })
-    }
-  })
-}

src/parse/sourcefile.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ use crate::representations::location::Location;
 use crate::representations::sourcefile::{FileEntry, MemberKind, ModuleBlock};
 use crate::representations::VName;
 use crate::sourcefile::{FileEntryKind, Import, Member};
-use crate::Primitive;
 
 pub fn split_lines(module: Stream<'_>) -> impl Iterator<Item = Stream<'_>> {
   let mut source = module.data.iter().enumerate();
@@ -52,36 +51,44 @@ pub fn split_lines(module: Stream<'_>) -> impl Iterator<Item = Stream<'_>> {
 
 pub fn parse_module_body(
   cursor: Stream<'_>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
 ) -> ProjectResult<Vec<FileEntry>> {
   split_lines(cursor)
     .map(Stream::trim)
     .filter(|l| !l.data.is_empty())
     .map(|l| {
-      Ok(FileEntry {
+      parse_line(l, ctx).map(move |kinds| {
-        locations: vec![l.location()],
+        kinds
-        kind: parse_line(l, ctx.clone())?,
+          .into_iter()
+          .map(move |kind| FileEntry { locations: vec![l.location()], kind })
       })
     })
+    .flatten_ok()
     .collect()
 }
 
 pub fn parse_line(
   cursor: Stream<'_>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
-) -> ProjectResult<FileEntryKind> {
+) -> ProjectResult<Vec<FileEntryKind>> {
-  match cursor.get(0)?.lexeme {
+  for line_parser in ctx.line_parsers() {
+    if let Some(result) = line_parser(cursor, ctx) {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  match &cursor.get(0)?.lexeme {
     Lexeme::BR | Lexeme::Comment(_) => parse_line(cursor.step()?, ctx),
-    Lexeme::Export => parse_export_line(cursor.step()?, ctx),
+    Lexeme::Name(n) if **n == "export" =>
-    Lexeme::Const | Lexeme::Macro | Lexeme::Module | Lexeme::Operators(_) =>
+      parse_export_line(cursor.step()?, ctx).map(|k| vec![k]),
-      Ok(FileEntryKind::Member(Member {
+    Lexeme::Name(n) if ["const", "macro", "module"].contains(&n.as_str()) =>
+      Ok(vec![FileEntryKind::Member(Member {
         kind: parse_member(cursor, ctx)?,
         exported: false,
-      })),
+      })]),
-    Lexeme::Import => {
+    Lexeme::Name(n) if **n == "import" => {
       let (imports, cont) = parse_multiname(cursor.step()?, ctx)?;
       cont.expect_empty()?;
-      Ok(FileEntryKind::Import(imports))
+      Ok(vec![FileEntryKind::Import(imports)])
     },
     _ => {
       let err = BadTokenInRegion {
@@ -95,23 +102,23 @@ pub fn parse_line(
 
 pub fn parse_export_line(
   cursor: Stream<'_>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
 ) -> ProjectResult<FileEntryKind> {
   let cursor = cursor.trim();
-  match cursor.get(0)?.lexeme {
+  match &cursor.get(0)?.lexeme {
     Lexeme::NS => {
       let (names, cont) = parse_multiname(cursor.step()?, ctx)?;
       cont.expect_empty()?;
       let names = (names.into_iter())
         .map(|Import { name, path, location }| match (name, &path[..]) {
           (Some(n), []) => Ok((n, location)),
-          (None, _) => Err(GlobExport { location }.rc()),
+          (None, _) => Err(GlobExport(location).rc()),
-          _ => Err(NamespacedExport { location }.rc()),
+          _ => Err(NamespacedExport(location).rc()),
         })
         .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
       Ok(FileEntryKind::Export(names))
     },
-    Lexeme::Const | Lexeme::Macro | Lexeme::Module | Lexeme::Operators(_) =>
+    Lexeme::Name(n) if ["const", "macro", "module"].contains(&n.as_str()) =>
       Ok(FileEntryKind::Member(Member {
         kind: parse_member(cursor, ctx)?,
         exported: true,
@@ -128,26 +135,22 @@ pub fn parse_export_line(
 
 fn parse_member(
   cursor: Stream<'_>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
 ) -> ProjectResult<MemberKind> {
   let (typemark, cursor) = cursor.trim().pop()?;
   match &typemark.lexeme {
-    Lexeme::Const => {
+    Lexeme::Name(n) if **n == "const" => {
       let constant = parse_const(cursor, ctx)?;
       Ok(MemberKind::Constant(constant))
     },
-    Lexeme::Macro => {
+    Lexeme::Name(n) if **n == "macro" => {
       let rule = parse_rule(cursor, ctx)?;
       Ok(MemberKind::Rule(rule))
     },
-    Lexeme::Module => {
+    Lexeme::Name(n) if **n == "module" => {
       let module = parse_module(cursor, ctx)?;
       Ok(MemberKind::Module(module))
     },
-    Lexeme::Operators(ops) => {
-      cursor.trim().expect_empty()?;
-      Ok(MemberKind::Operators(ops[..].to_vec()))
-    },
     _ => {
       let err =
         BadTokenInRegion { entry: typemark.clone(), region: "member type" };
@@ -158,20 +161,20 @@ fn parse_member(
 
 fn parse_rule(
   cursor: Stream<'_>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
 ) -> ProjectResult<Rule<VName>> {
   let (pattern, prio, template) = cursor.find_map("arrow", |a| match a {
     Lexeme::Arrow(p) => Some(*p),
     _ => None,
   })?;
-  let (pattern, _) = parse_exprv(pattern, None, ctx.clone())?;
+  let (pattern, _) = parse_exprv(pattern, None, ctx)?;
   let (template, _) = parse_exprv(template, None, ctx)?;
   Ok(Rule { pattern, prio, template })
 }
 
 fn parse_const(
   cursor: Stream<'_>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
 ) -> ProjectResult<Constant> {
   let (name_ent, cursor) = cursor.trim().pop()?;
   let name = ExpectedName::expect(name_ent)?;
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ fn parse_const(
 
 fn parse_module(
   cursor: Stream<'_>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
 ) -> ProjectResult<ModuleBlock> {
   let (name_ent, cursor) = cursor.trim().pop()?;
   let name = ExpectedName::expect(name_ent)?;
@@ -195,11 +198,11 @@ fn parse_module(
   Ok(ModuleBlock { name, body })
 }
 
-fn parse_exprv(
+fn parse_exprv<'a>(
-  mut cursor: Stream<'_>,
+  mut cursor: Stream<'a>,
   paren: Option<char>,
-  ctx: impl Context,
+  ctx: &impl Context,
-) -> ProjectResult<(Vec<Expr<VName>>, Stream<'_>)> {
+) -> ProjectResult<(Vec<Expr<VName>>, Stream<'a>)> {
   let mut output = Vec::new();
   cursor = cursor.trim();
   while let Ok(current) = cursor.get(0) {
@@ -207,11 +210,9 @@ fn parse_exprv(
       Lexeme::BR | Lexeme::Comment(_) => unreachable!("Fillers skipped"),
       Lexeme::At | Lexeme::Type =>
         return Err(ReservedToken { entry: current.clone() }.rc()),
-      Lexeme::Literal(l) => {
+      Lexeme::Atom(a) => {
-        output.push(Expr {
+        let value = Clause::Atom(a.clone());
-          value: Clause::P(Primitive::Literal(l.clone())),
+        output.push(Expr { value, location: current.location() });
-          location: current.location(),
-        });
         cursor = cursor.step()?;
       },
       Lexeme::Placeh(ph) => {
@@ -223,25 +224,23 @@ fn parse_exprv(
       },
       Lexeme::Name(n) => {
         let location = cursor.location();
-        let mut fullname = vec![n.clone()];
+        let mut fullname: VName = vec![n.clone()];
-        while cursor.get(1).ok().map(|e| &e.lexeme) == Some(&Lexeme::NS) {
+        while cursor.get(1).map_or(false, |e| e.lexeme.strict_eq(&Lexeme::NS)) {
           fullname.push(ExpectedName::expect(cursor.get(2)?)?);
           cursor = cursor.step()?.step()?;
         }
         output.push(Expr { value: Clause::Name(fullname), location });
         cursor = cursor.step()?;
       },
-      Lexeme::NS =>
+      Lexeme::NS => return Err(LeadingNS(current.location()).rc()),
-        return Err(LeadingNS { location: current.location() }.rc()),
       Lexeme::RP(c) =>
         return if Some(*c) == paren {
           Ok((output, cursor.step()?))
         } else {
-          Err(MisalignedParen { entry: cursor.get(0)?.clone() }.rc())
+          Err(MisalignedParen(cursor.get(0)?.clone()).rc())
         },
       Lexeme::LP(c) => {
-        let (result, leftover) =
+        let (result, leftover) = parse_exprv(cursor.step()?, Some(*c), ctx)?;
-          parse_exprv(cursor.step()?, Some(*c), ctx.clone())?;
         output.push(Expr {
           value: Clause::S(*c, Rc::new(result)),
           location: cursor.get(0)?.location().to(leftover.fallback.location()),
@@ -250,9 +249,9 @@ fn parse_exprv(
       },
       Lexeme::BS => {
         let dot = ctx.interner().i(".");
-        let (arg, body) =
+        let (arg, body) = (cursor.step())?
-          cursor.step()?.find("A '.'", |l| l == &Lexeme::Name(dot.clone()))?;
+          .find("A '.'", |l| l.strict_eq(&Lexeme::Name(dot.clone())))?;
-        let (arg, _) = parse_exprv(arg, None, ctx.clone())?;
+        let (arg, _) = parse_exprv(arg, None, ctx)?;
         let (body, leftover) = parse_exprv(body, paren, ctx)?;
         output.push(Expr {
           location: cursor.location(),
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ fn vec_to_single(
   v: Vec<Expr<VName>>,
 ) -> ProjectResult<Expr<VName>> {
   match v.len() {
-    0 => return Err(UnexpectedEOL { entry: fallback.clone() }.rc()),
+    0 => Err(UnexpectedEOL { entry: fallback.clone() }.rc()),
     1 => Ok(v.into_iter().exactly_one().unwrap()),
     _ => Ok(Expr {
       location: expr_slice_location(&v),

src/parse/string.rs

@@ -1,50 +1,117 @@
-use chumsky::prelude::*;
+use itertools::Itertools;
-use chumsky::{self, Parser};
 
-use super::decls::SimpleParser;
+use super::context::Context;
+use super::errors::{BadCodePoint, BadEscapeSequence, NoStringEnd, NotHex};
+use crate::error::{ProjectError, ProjectResult};
+use crate::foreign::Atom;
+use crate::OrcString;
 
-/// Parses a text character that is not the specified delimiter
+pub enum StringErrorKind {
-#[must_use]
+  NotHex,
-fn text_parser(delim: char) -> impl SimpleParser<char, char> {
+  BadCodePoint,
-  // Copied directly from Chumsky's JSON example.
+  BadEscSeq,
-  let escape = just('\\').ignore_then(
-    just('\\')
-      .or(just('/'))
-      .or(just('"'))
-      .or(just('b').to('\x08'))
-      .or(just('f').to('\x0C'))
-      .or(just('n').to('\n'))
-      .or(just('r').to('\r'))
-      .or(just('t').to('\t'))
-      .or(
-        just('u').ignore_then(
-          filter(|c: &char| c.is_ascii_hexdigit())
-            .repeated()
-            .exactly(4)
-            .collect::<String>()
-            .validate(|digits, span, emit| {
-              char::from_u32(u32::from_str_radix(&digits, 16).unwrap())
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                  emit(Simple::custom(span, "invalid unicode character"));
-                  '\u{FFFD}' // unicode replacement character
-                })
-            }),
-        ),
-      ),
-  );
-  filter(move |&c| c != '\\' && c != delim).or(escape)
 }
 
-/// Parse a string between double quotes
+pub struct StringError {
-#[must_use]
+  pos: usize,
-pub fn str_parser() -> impl SimpleParser<char, String> {
+  kind: StringErrorKind,
-  just('"')
+}
-    .ignore_then(
+
-      text_parser('"').map(Some)
+pub fn parse_string(str: &str) -> Result<String, StringError> {
-    .or(just("\\\n").then(just(' ').or(just('\t')).repeated()).map(|_| None)) // Newlines preceded by backslashes are ignored along with all following indentation.
+  let mut target = String::new();
-    .repeated(),
+  let mut iter = str.char_indices();
-    )
+  while let Some((_, c)) = iter.next() {
-    .then_ignore(just('"'))
+    if c != '\\' {
-    .flatten()
+      target.push(c);
-    .collect()
+      continue;
+    }
+    let (mut pos, code) = iter.next().expect("lexer would have continued");
+    let next = match code {
+      c @ ('\\' | '/' | '"') => c,
+      'b' => '\x08',
+      'f' => '\x0f',
+      'n' => '\n',
+      'r' => '\r',
+      't' => '\t',
+      '\n' => 'skipws: loop {
+        match iter.next() {
+          None => return Ok(target),
+          Some((_, c)) =>
+            if !c.is_whitespace() {
+              break 'skipws c;
+            },
+        }
+      },
+      'u' => {
+        let acc = ((0..4).rev())
+          .map(|radical| {
+            let (j, c) = (iter.next())
+              .ok_or(StringError { pos, kind: StringErrorKind::NotHex })?;
+            pos = j;
+            let b =
+              u32::from_str_radix(&String::from(c), 16).map_err(|_| {
+                StringError { pos, kind: StringErrorKind::NotHex }
+              })?;
+            Ok(16u32.pow(radical) + b)
+          })
+          .fold_ok(0, u32::wrapping_add)?;
+        char::from_u32(acc)
+          .ok_or(StringError { pos, kind: StringErrorKind::BadCodePoint })?
+      },
+      _ => return Err(StringError { pos, kind: StringErrorKind::BadEscSeq }),
+    };
+    target.push(next);
+  }
+  Ok(target)
+}
+
+pub fn lex_string<'a>(
+  data: &'a str,
+  ctx: &dyn Context,
+) -> Option<ProjectResult<(Atom, &'a str)>> {
+  data.strip_prefix('"').map(|data| {
+    let mut leftover = data;
+    return loop {
+      let (inside, outside) = (leftover.split_once('"'))
+        .ok_or_else(|| NoStringEnd(ctx.location(data.len(), "")).rc())?;
+      let backslashes = inside.chars().rev().take_while(|c| *c == '\\').count();
+      if backslashes % 2 == 0 {
+        // cut form tail to recoup what string_content doesn't have
+        let (string_data, tail) = data.split_at(data.len() - outside.len() - 1);
+        let tail = &tail[1..]; // push the tail past the end quote
+        let string = parse_string(string_data).map_err(|e| {
+          let start = ctx.pos(data) + e.pos;
+          let location = ctx.range_loc(start..start + 1);
+          match e.kind {
+            StringErrorKind::NotHex => NotHex(location).rc(),
+            StringErrorKind::BadCodePoint => BadCodePoint(location).rc(),
+            StringErrorKind::BadEscSeq => BadEscapeSequence(location).rc(),
+          }
+        })?;
+        let tok = ctx.interner().i(&string);
+        break Ok((Atom::new(OrcString::from(tok)), tail));
+      } else {
+        leftover = outside;
+      }
+    };
+  })
+}
+// TODO: rewrite the tree building pipeline step to load files
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+  use super::lex_string;
+  use crate::parse::context::MockContext;
+  use crate::{Interner, OrcString};
+
+  #[test]
+  fn plain_string() {
+    let source = r#""hello world!" - says the programmer"#;
+    let i = Interner::new();
+    let (data, tail) = lex_string(source, &MockContext(&i))
+      .expect("the snippet starts with a quote")
+      .expect("it contains a valid string");
+    assert_eq!(data.try_downcast::<OrcString>().unwrap().as_str(), "hello world!");
+    assert_eq!(tail, " - says the programmer");
+  }
 }

src/pipeline/dealias/resolve_aliases.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::representations::project::{
   ItemKind, ProjectExt, ProjectItem, ProjectMod,
 };
 use crate::tree::{ModEntry, ModMember, Module};
-use crate::utils::pure_push::pushed;
+use crate::utils::pure_seq::pushed;
 use crate::{Interner, ProjectTree, Tok, VName};
 
 #[must_use]
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ fn resolve_aliases_rec(
             ModMember::Sub(module) =>
               ModMember::Sub(resolve_aliases_rec(root, module, updated, false)),
             ModMember::Item(item) => ModMember::Item(ProjectItem {
-              is_op: item.is_op,
               kind: match &item.kind {
                 ItemKind::Const(value) => ItemKind::Const(process_expr(value)),
                 other => other.clone(),

src/pipeline/file_loader.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Source loader callback definition and builtin implementations
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::{fs, io};
 
 use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl ProjectError for FileLoadingError {
     "Neither a file nor a directory could be read from the requested path"
   }
   fn one_position(&self) -> crate::Location {
-    Location::File(Rc::new(self.path.clone()))
+    Location::File(Arc::new(self.path.clone()))
   }
   fn message(&self) -> String {
     format!("File: {}\nDirectory: {}", self.file, self.dir)
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ impl ProjectError for FileLoadingError {
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum Loaded {
   /// Conceptually equivalent to a sourcefile
-  Code(Rc<String>),
+  Code(Arc<String>),
   /// Conceptually equivalent to the list of *.orc files in a folder, without
   /// the extension
-  Collection(Rc<Vec<String>>),
+  Collection(Arc<Vec<String>>),
 }
 impl Loaded {
   /// Is the loaded item source code (not a collection)?
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub fn load_file(root: &Path, path: &[Tok<String>]) -> IOResult {
   let full_path = path.iter().fold(root.to_owned(), |p, t| p.join(t.as_str()));
   let file_path = full_path.with_extension("orc");
   let file_error = match fs::read_to_string(file_path) {
-    Ok(string) => return Ok(Loaded::Code(Rc::new(string))),
+    Ok(string) => return Ok(Loaded::Code(Arc::new(string))),
     Err(err) => err,
   };
   let dir = match fs::read_dir(&full_path) {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn load_file(root: &Path, path: &[Tok<String>]) -> IOResult {
       })
     })
     .collect();
-  Ok(Loaded::Collection(Rc::new(names)))
+  Ok(Loaded::Collection(Arc::new(names)))
 }
 
 /// Generates a cached file loader for a directory
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub fn load_embed<T: 'static + RustEmbed>(path: &str, ext: &str) -> IOResult {
   if let Some(file) = T::get(&file_path) {
     let s =
       String::from_utf8(file.data.to_vec()).expect("Embed must be valid UTF-8");
-    Ok(Loaded::Code(Rc::new(s)))
+    Ok(Loaded::Code(Arc::new(s)))
   } else {
     let entries = T::iter()
       .map(|c| c.to_string())
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ pub fn load_embed<T: 'static + RustEmbed>(path: &str, ext: &str) -> IOResult {
         })
       })
       .collect::<Vec<String>>();
-    Ok(Loaded::Collection(Rc::new(entries)))
+    Ok(Loaded::Collection(Arc::new(entries)))
   }
 }
 
@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ pub fn embed_to_map<T: 'static + RustEmbed>(
     }
   }
   (files.into_iter())
-    .map(|(k, s)| (k, Loaded::Code(Rc::new(s))))
+    .map(|(k, s)| (k, Loaded::Code(Arc::new(s))))
     .chain((dirs.into_iter()).map(|(k, entv)| {
-      (k, Loaded::Collection(Rc::new(entv.into_iter().collect())))
+      (k, Loaded::Collection(Arc::new(entv.into_iter().collect())))
     }))
     .collect()
 }

src/pipeline/mod.rs

@@ -5,5 +5,6 @@ mod import_abs_path;
 mod parse_layer;
 mod project_tree;
 mod source_loader;
+// mod tree_loader;
 
 pub use parse_layer::parse_layer;

src/pipeline/parse_layer.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use super::file_loader::IOResult;
 use super::{project_tree, source_loader};
 use crate::error::ProjectResult;
 use crate::interner::{Interner, Tok};
+use crate::parse::{LexerPlugin, LineParser};
 use crate::representations::sourcefile::FileEntry;
 use crate::representations::VName;
 use crate::utils::never;
@@ -21,10 +22,14 @@ pub fn parse_layer<'a>(
   loader: &impl Fn(&[Tok<String>]) -> IOResult,
   environment: &'a ProjectTree<VName>,
   prelude: &[FileEntry],
+  lexer_plugins: &[&dyn LexerPlugin],
+  line_parsers: &[&dyn LineParser],
   i: &Interner,
 ) -> ProjectResult<ProjectTree<VName>> {
+  let sl_ctx =
+    source_loader::Context { prelude, i, lexer_plugins, line_parsers };
   let (preparsed, source) =
-    source_loader::load_source(targets, prelude, i, loader, &|path| {
+    source_loader::load_source(targets, sl_ctx, loader, &|path| {
       environment.0.walk_ref(&[], path, false).is_ok()
     })?;
   let tree =

src/pipeline/project_tree/build_tree.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::sourcefile::{
 };
 use crate::tree::{ModEntry, ModMember, Module};
 use crate::utils::get_or::get_or_default;
-use crate::utils::pure_push::pushed_ref;
+use crate::utils::pure_seq::pushed_ref;
 use crate::{Tok, VName};
 
 #[must_use = "A submodule may not be integrated into the tree"]
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub struct TreeReport {
 pub fn build_tree(
   path: &VName,
   source: Vec<FileEntry>,
-  Module { entries, extra }: PreMod,
+  Module { entries, .. }: PreMod,
   imports: ImpMod,
   prelude: &[FileEntry],
 ) -> ProjectResult<TreeReport> {
@@ -56,20 +56,11 @@ pub fn build_tree(
         MemberKind::Constant(Constant { name, value }) => {
           consts.insert(name, value /* .prefix(path, &|_| false) */);
         },
-        MemberKind::Operators(_) => (),
         MemberKind::Rule(rule) => rule_fragments.push(rule),
       },
     }
   }
-  let mod_details = extra.details().expect("Directories handled elsewhere");
+  let rules = rule_fragments;
-  let rules = (mod_details.patterns.iter())
-    .zip(rule_fragments.into_iter())
-    .map(|(p, Rule { prio, template: t, .. })| {
-      // let p = p.iter().map(|e| e.prefix(path, &|_| false)).collect();
-      // let t = t.into_iter().map(|e| e.prefix(path, &|_| false)).collect();
-      Rule { pattern: p.clone(), prio, template: t }
-    })
-    .collect();
   let (pre_subs, pre_items) = (entries.into_iter())
     .partition_map::<HashMap<_, _>, HashMap<_, _>, _, _, _>(
       |(k, ModEntry { exported, member })| match member {
@@ -98,7 +89,7 @@ pub fn build_tree(
       Ok((k, ModEntry { exported, member }))
     })
     .chain((pre_items.into_iter()).map(
-      |(k, (exported, PreItem { has_value, is_op, location }))| {
+      |(k, (exported, PreItem { has_value, location }))| {
         let item = match imports_from.get(&k) {
           Some(_) if has_value => {
             // Local value cannot be assigned to imported key
@@ -112,12 +103,10 @@ pub fn build_tree(
           },
           None => {
             let k = consts.remove(&k).map_or(ItemKind::None, ItemKind::Const);
-            ProjectItem { is_op, kind: k }
+            ProjectItem { kind: k }
-          },
-          Some(report) => ProjectItem {
-            is_op: is_op | report.is_op,
-            kind: ItemKind::Alias(report.source.clone()),
           },
+          Some(report) =>
+            ProjectItem { kind: ItemKind::Alias(report.source.clone()) },
         };
         Ok((k, ModEntry { exported, member: ModMember::Item(item) }))
       },
@@ -129,7 +118,6 @@ pub fn build_tree(
         exported: false,
         member: ModMember::Item(ProjectItem {
           kind: ItemKind::Alias(from.source.clone()),
-          is_op: from.is_op,
         }),
       })
     });

src/pipeline/project_tree/import_tree.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::representations::project::ImpReport;
 use crate::sourcefile::{absolute_path, Import};
 use crate::tree::{ErrKind, ModEntry, ModMember, Module, WalkError};
 use crate::utils::boxed_iter::{box_chain, box_once};
-use crate::utils::pure_push::pushed_ref;
+use crate::utils::pure_seq::pushed_ref;
 use crate::utils::{unwrap_or, BoxedIter};
 use crate::{Interner, ProjectTree, Tok, VName};
 
@@ -65,17 +65,13 @@ pub fn assert_visible_overlay<'a>(
   })
 }
 
-pub fn process_donor_module<'a, TItem: Clone>(
+pub fn process_donor_module<TItem: Clone>(
-  module: &'a Module<TItem, impl Clone>,
+  module: &Module<TItem, impl Clone>,
   abs_path: Rc<VName>,
-  is_op: impl Fn(&TItem) -> bool + 'a,
+) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Tok<String>, VName)> + '_ {
-) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Tok<String>, VName, bool)> + 'a {
+  (module.entries.iter())
-  (module.entries.iter()).filter(|(_, ent)| ent.exported).map(
+    .filter(|(_, ent)| ent.exported)
-    move |(n, ent)| {
+    .map(move |(n, _)| (n.clone(), pushed_ref(abs_path.as_ref(), n.clone())))
-      let is_op = ent.item().map_or(false, &is_op);
-      (n.clone(), pushed_ref(abs_path.as_ref(), n.clone()), is_op)
-    },
-  )
 }
 
 pub fn import_tree(
@@ -99,14 +95,7 @@ pub fn import_tree(
             // println!("Old root: {:#?}", &prev_root.0);
             panic!("{}", e.at(location))
           })?;
-        let is_op = (root.0.walk1_ref(&[], &abs_path, false))
+        box_once((name.clone(), abs_path))
-          .map(|(ent, _)| ent.item().map_or(false, |i| i.is_op))
-          .or_else(|e| if e.kind == ErrKind::Missing {
-            (prev_root.0.walk1_ref(&[], &abs_path, false))
-              .map(|(ent, _)| ent.item().map_or(false, |i| i.is_op))
-          } else {Err(e)})
-          .map_err(|e| e.at(location))?;
-        box_once((name.clone(), abs_path, is_op))
       } else {
         let rc_path = Rc::new(abs_path);
         // wildcard imports are validated
@@ -116,8 +105,7 @@ pub fn import_tree(
         let new_imports = match (root.0).walk_ref(&[], &rc_path, false) {
           Err(e) if e.kind == ErrKind::Missing => Err(e),
           Err(e) => return Err(e.at(location)),
-          Ok(module)
+          Ok(module) => Ok(process_donor_module(module, rc_path.clone()))
-            => Ok(process_donor_module(module, rc_path.clone(), |i| i.is_op))
         };
         let old_m = match (prev_root.0).walk_ref(&[], &rc_path, false) {
           Err(e) if e.kind != ErrKind::Missing => return Err(e.at(location)),
@@ -134,7 +122,7 @@ pub fn import_tree(
           },
           Ok(old_m) => old_m,
         };
-        let it1 = process_donor_module(old_m, rc_path.clone(), |i| i.is_op);
+        let it1 = process_donor_module(old_m, rc_path.clone());
         match new_imports {
           Err(_) => Box::new(it1),
           Ok(it2) => box_chain!(it1, it2)
@@ -144,10 +132,10 @@ pub fn import_tree(
     // leaf sets flattened to leaves
     .flatten_ok()
     // translated to entries
-    .map_ok(|(name, source, is_op)| {
+    .map_ok(|(name, source)| {
       (name, ModEntry {
         exported: false, // this is irrelevant but needed
-        member: ModMember::Item(ImpReport { source, is_op }),
+        member: ModMember::Item(ImpReport { source }),
       })
     })
     .chain(

src/pipeline/project_tree/rebuild_tree.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
@@ -7,15 +5,14 @@ use super::build_tree::{build_tree, TreeReport};
 use super::import_tree::{import_tree, ImpMod};
 use crate::error::ProjectResult;
 use crate::pipeline::source_loader::{
-  LoadedSourceTable, PreExtra, PreItem, PreMod, Preparsed,
+  LoadedSourceTable, PreExtra, PreMod, Preparsed,
 };
-use crate::representations::project::{ImpReport, ProjectExt, ProjectMod};
+use crate::representations::project::{ProjectExt, ProjectMod};
 use crate::sourcefile::FileEntry;
 use crate::tree::{ModEntry, ModMember, Module};
-use crate::utils::never::{always, unwrap_always};
+use crate::utils::pure_seq::pushed_ref;
-use crate::utils::pure_push::pushed_ref;
 use crate::utils::unwrap_or;
-use crate::{parse, Interner, ProjectTree, Tok, VName};
+use crate::{Interner, ProjectTree, Tok, VName};
 
 pub fn rebuild_file(
   path: Vec<Tok<String>>,
@@ -23,35 +20,12 @@ pub fn rebuild_file(
   imports: ImpMod,
   source: &LoadedSourceTable,
   prelude: &[FileEntry],
-  i: &Interner,
 ) -> ProjectResult<ProjectMod<VName>> {
   let file = match &pre.extra {
     PreExtra::Dir => panic!("Dir should not hand this node off"),
     PreExtra::Submod(_) => panic!("should not have received this"),
     PreExtra::File(f) => f,
   };
-  let mut ops = Vec::new();
-  unwrap_always(imports.search_all((), &mut |_, module, ()| {
-    ops.extend(
-      (module.entries.iter())
-        .filter(|(_, ent)| {
-          matches!(ent.member, ModMember::Item(ImpReport { is_op: true, .. }))
-        })
-        .map(|(name, _)| name.clone()),
-    );
-    always(())
-  }));
-  unwrap_always(pre.search_all((), &mut |_, module, ()| {
-    ops.extend(
-      (module.entries.iter())
-        .filter(|(_, ent)| {
-          matches!(ent.member, ModMember::Item(PreItem { is_op: true, .. }))
-        })
-        .map(|(name, _)| name.clone()),
-    );
-    always(())
-  }));
-  let ctx = parse::ParsingContext::new(&ops, i, Rc::new(path.clone()));
   let src = source.get(&file.name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
     panic!(
       "{} should have been preparsed already. Preparsed files are {}",
@@ -62,13 +36,11 @@ pub fn rebuild_file(
         .join(", ")
     )
   });
-  let entries = parse::parse2(&src.text, ctx)?;
+  let entries = src.entries.clone();
-  let TreeReport { entries: items, rules, imports_from } =
+  let TreeReport { entries, rules, imports_from } =
     build_tree(&path, entries, pre, imports, prelude)?;
-  Ok(Module {
+  let file = Some(path.clone());
-    entries: items,
+  Ok(Module { entries, extra: ProjectExt { file, path, imports_from, rules } })
-    extra: ProjectExt { file: Some(path.clone()), path, imports_from, rules },
-  })
 }
 
 pub fn rebuild_dir(
@@ -77,15 +49,14 @@ pub fn rebuild_dir(
   mut imports: ImpMod,
   source: &LoadedSourceTable,
   prelude: &[FileEntry],
-  i: &Interner,
 ) -> ProjectResult<ProjectMod<VName>> {
   match pre.extra {
     PreExtra::Dir => (),
     PreExtra::File(_) =>
-      return rebuild_file(path, pre, imports, source, prelude, i),
+      return rebuild_file(path, pre, imports, source, prelude),
     PreExtra::Submod(_) => panic!("Dirs contain dirs and files"),
   }
-  let items = (pre.entries.into_iter())
+  let entries = (pre.entries.into_iter())
     .map(|(name, entry)| {
       match imports.entries.remove(&name).map(|e| e.member) {
         Some(ModMember::Sub(impmod)) => (name, entry, impmod),
@@ -97,12 +68,8 @@ pub fn rebuild_dir(
       let pre = unwrap_or!(member => ModMember::Sub;
         panic!("Dirs can only contain submodules")
       );
-      Ok((name, ModEntry {
+      let module = rebuild_dir(path, pre, impmod, source, prelude)?;
-        exported,
+      Ok((name, ModEntry { exported, member: ModMember::Sub(module) }))
-        member: ModMember::Sub(rebuild_dir(
-          path, pre, impmod, source, prelude, i,
-        )?),
-      }))
     })
     .collect::<Result<HashMap<_, _>, _>>()?;
   Ok(Module {
@@ -112,7 +79,7 @@ pub fn rebuild_dir(
       rules: Vec::new(),
       file: None,
     },
-    entries: items,
+    entries,
   })
 }
 
@@ -126,6 +93,6 @@ pub fn rebuild_tree(
 ) -> ProjectResult<ProjectTree<VName>> {
   let imports =
     import_tree(Vec::new(), &preparsed.0, &preparsed, prev_root, i)?;
-  rebuild_dir(Vec::new(), preparsed.0, imports, source, prelude, i)
+  rebuild_dir(Vec::new(), preparsed.0, imports, source, prelude)
     .map(ProjectTree)
 }

src/pipeline/source_loader/load_source.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 
 use super::loaded_source::{LoadedSource, LoadedSourceTable};
@@ -7,24 +9,32 @@ use crate::error::{
   NoTargets, ProjectError, ProjectResult, UnexpectedDirectory,
 };
 use crate::interner::{Interner, Tok};
+use crate::parse::{self, LexerPlugin, LineParser, ParsingContext};
 use crate::pipeline::file_loader::{IOResult, Loaded};
 use crate::pipeline::import_abs_path::import_abs_path;
 use crate::representations::sourcefile::FileEntry;
 use crate::tree::Module;
-use crate::utils::pure_push::pushed_ref;
+use crate::utils::pure_seq::pushed_ref;
 use crate::utils::{split_max_prefix, unwrap_or};
 use crate::Location;
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Context<'a> {
+  pub prelude: &'a [FileEntry],
+  pub i: &'a Interner,
+  pub lexer_plugins: &'a [&'a dyn LexerPlugin],
+  pub line_parsers: &'a [&'a dyn LineParser],
+}
+
 /// Load the source at the given path or all within if it's a collection,
 /// and all sources imported from these.
 fn load_abs_path_rec(
   abs_path: &[Tok<String>],
   mut all: Preparsed,
   source: &mut LoadedSourceTable,
-  prelude: &[FileEntry],
-  i: &Interner,
   get_source: &impl Fn(&[Tok<String>]) -> IOResult,
   is_injected_module: &impl Fn(&[Tok<String>]) -> bool,
+  ctx @ Context { i, lexer_plugins, line_parsers, prelude }: Context,
 ) -> ProjectResult<Preparsed> {
   // # Termination
   //
@@ -47,8 +57,15 @@ fn load_abs_path_rec(
     let text = unwrap_or!(get_source(filename)? => Loaded::Code; {
       return Err(UnexpectedDirectory { path: filename.to_vec() }.rc())
     });
-    source.insert(filename.to_vec(), LoadedSource { text: text.clone() });
+    let entries = parse::parse2(ParsingContext::new(
-    let preparsed = preparse(filename.to_vec(), text.as_str(), prelude, i)?;
+      i,
+      Arc::new(filename.to_vec()),
+      text,
+      lexer_plugins,
+      line_parsers,
+    ))?;
+    let preparsed = preparse(filename.to_vec(), entries.clone(), prelude)?;
+    source.insert(filename.to_vec(), LoadedSource { entries });
     // recurse on all imported modules
     // will be taken and returned by the closure. None iff an error is thrown
     all = preparsed.0.search_all(all, &mut |modpath,
@@ -73,10 +90,9 @@ fn load_abs_path_rec(
           &abs_pathv,
           all,
           source,
-          prelude,
-          i,
           get_source,
           is_injected_module,
+          ctx,
         )?;
       }
       Ok(all)
@@ -105,10 +121,9 @@ fn load_abs_path_rec(
         &abs_subpath,
         all,
         source,
-        prelude,
-        i,
         get_source,
         is_injected_module,
+        ctx,
       )?;
     }
     Ok(all)
@@ -123,8 +138,7 @@ fn load_abs_path_rec(
 /// injected data (the ProjectTree doesn't make a distinction between the two)
 pub fn load_source<'a>(
   targets: impl Iterator<Item = &'a [Tok<String>]>,
-  prelude: &[FileEntry],
+  ctx: Context,
-  i: &Interner,
   get_source: &impl Fn(&[Tok<String>]) -> IOResult,
   is_injected_module: &impl Fn(&[Tok<String>]) -> bool,
 ) -> ProjectResult<(Preparsed, LoadedSourceTable)> {
@@ -138,10 +152,9 @@ pub fn load_source<'a>(
       target,
       all,
       &mut table,
-      prelude,
-      i,
       get_source,
       is_injected_module,
+      ctx,
     )?;
   }
   if any_target { Ok((all, table)) } else { Err(NoTargets.rc()) }

src/pipeline/source_loader/loaded_source.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use crate::representations::VName;
+use crate::sourcefile::FileEntry;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct LoadedSource {
-  pub text: Rc<String>,
+  pub entries: Vec<FileEntry>
 }
 
 pub type LoadedSourceTable = HashMap<VName, LoadedSource>;

src/pipeline/source_loader/mod.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ mod loaded_source;
 mod preparse;
 mod types;
 
-pub use load_source::load_source;
+pub use load_source::{load_source, Context};
 pub use loaded_source::{LoadedSource, LoadedSourceTable};
 pub use types::{PreExtra, PreFileExt, PreItem, PreMod, PreSubExt, Preparsed};

src/pipeline/source_loader/preparse.rs

@@ -1,26 +1,21 @@
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use super::types::{PreFileExt, PreItem, PreSubExt};
 use super::{PreExtra, Preparsed};
-use crate::ast::{Clause, Constant, Expr};
+use crate::ast::{Clause, Constant};
 use crate::error::{
   ConflictingRoles, ProjectError, ProjectResult, VisibilityMismatch,
 };
-use crate::interner::Interner;
-use crate::parse::{self, ParsingContext};
 use crate::representations::sourcefile::{FileEntry, MemberKind};
 use crate::representations::tree::{ModEntry, ModMember, Module};
 use crate::sourcefile::{FileEntryKind, Import, Member, ModuleBlock};
 use crate::utils::get_or::{get_or_default, get_or_make};
-use crate::utils::pure_push::pushed;
+use crate::utils::pure_seq::pushed;
 use crate::{Location, Tok, VName};
 
 struct FileReport {
   entries: HashMap<Tok<String>, ModEntry<PreItem, PreExtra>>,
-  patterns: Vec<Vec<Expr<VName>>>,
   imports: Vec<Import>,
 }
 
@@ -32,12 +27,11 @@ fn to_module(
   prelude: &[FileEntry],
 ) -> ProjectResult<FileReport> {
   let mut imports = Vec::new();
-  let mut patterns = Vec::new();
   let mut items = HashMap::<Tok<String>, (bool, PreItem)>::new();
   let mut to_export = HashMap::<Tok<String>, Vec<Location>>::new();
   let mut submods =
     HashMap::<Tok<String>, (bool, Vec<Location>, Vec<FileEntry>)>::new();
-  let entries = prelude.iter().cloned().chain(src.into_iter());
+  let entries = prelude.iter().cloned().chain(src);
   for FileEntry { kind, locations } in entries {
     match kind {
       FileEntryKind::Import(imp) => imports.extend(imp.into_iter()),
@@ -72,17 +66,7 @@ fn to_module(
             submods.insert(name.clone(), (exported, locations, body.clone()));
           }
         },
-        MemberKind::Operators(ops) =>
+        MemberKind::Rule(r) =>
-          for op in ops {
-            let (prev_exported, it) = get_or_default(&mut items, &op);
-            if let Some(loc) = locations.get(0) {
-              it.location = it.location.clone().or(loc.clone())
-            }
-            *prev_exported |= exported;
-            it.is_op = true;
-          },
-        MemberKind::Rule(r) => {
-          patterns.push(r.pattern.clone());
           if exported {
             for ex in r.pattern {
               ex.search_all(&mut |ex| {
@@ -95,8 +79,7 @@ fn to_module(
                 None::<()>
               });
             }
-          }
+          },
-        },
       },
       _ => (),
     }
@@ -111,11 +94,11 @@ fn to_module(
       .try_insert(subname.clone(), ModEntry {
         member: ModMember::Sub({
           name.push(subname);
-          let FileReport { imports, entries: items, patterns } =
+          let FileReport { imports, entries: items } =
             to_module(file, name.clone(), body, prelude)?;
           Module {
             entries: items,
-            extra: PreExtra::Submod(PreSubExt { imports, patterns }),
+            extra: PreExtra::Submod(PreSubExt { imports }),
           }
         }),
         exported,
@@ -125,7 +108,6 @@ fn to_module(
   for (item, locations) in to_export {
     get_or_make(&mut entries, &item, || ModEntry {
       member: ModMember::Item(PreItem {
-        is_op: false,
         has_value: false,
         location: locations[0].clone(),
       }),
@@ -133,26 +115,22 @@ fn to_module(
     })
     .exported = true
   }
-  Ok(FileReport { entries, imports, patterns })
+  Ok(FileReport { entries, imports })
 }
 
 /// Preparse the module. At this stage, only the imports and
 /// names defined by the module can be parsed
 pub fn preparse(
   file: VName,
-  source: &str,
+  entries: Vec<FileEntry>,
   prelude: &[FileEntry],
-  i: &Interner,
 ) -> ProjectResult<Preparsed> {
-  // Parse with no operators
+  let FileReport { entries, imports } =
-  let ctx = ParsingContext::new(&[], i, Rc::new(file.clone()));
-  let entries = parse::parse2(source, ctx)?;
-  let FileReport { entries, imports, patterns } =
     to_module(&file, file.clone(), entries, prelude)?;
   let mut module = Module {
     entries,
     extra: PreExtra::File(PreFileExt {
-      details: PreSubExt { patterns, imports },
+      details: PreSubExt { imports },
       name: file.clone(),
     }),
   };

src/pipeline/source_loader/types.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::ops::Add;
 
-use crate::ast::Expr;
 use crate::error::ProjectResult;
 use crate::sourcefile::Import;
 use crate::tree::Module;
@@ -9,34 +8,27 @@ use crate::{Interner, Location, VName};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct PreItem {
-  pub is_op: bool,
   pub has_value: bool,
   pub location: Location,
 }
 
 impl Display for PreItem {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-    let Self { has_value, is_op, location } = self;
+    let Self { has_value, location } = self;
-    let description = match (is_op, has_value) {
+    let description = if *has_value { "value" } else { "keyword" };
-      (true, true) => "operator with value",
-      (true, false) => "operator",
-      (false, true) => "value",
-      (false, false) => "keyword",
-    };
     write!(f, "{description} {location}")
   }
 }
 
 impl Default for PreItem {
   fn default() -> Self {
-    PreItem { is_op: false, has_value: false, location: Location::Unknown }
+    PreItem { has_value: false, location: Location::Unknown }
   }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct PreSubExt {
   pub imports: Vec<Import>,
-  pub patterns: Vec<Vec<Expr<VName>>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]

src/representations/ast.rs

@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ use ordered_float::NotNan;
 use super::interpreted;
 use super::location::Location;
 use super::namelike::{NameLike, VName};
-use super::primitive::Primitive;
+use crate::foreign::{Atom, ExFn};
 use crate::interner::Tok;
 use crate::parse::print_nat16;
 use crate::utils::rc_tools::map_rc;
 
 /// A [Clause] with associated metadata
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Expr<N: NameLike> {
   /// The actual value
   pub value: Clause<N>,
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ pub enum PHClass {
     /// If true, must match at least one clause
     nonzero: bool,
     /// Greediness in the allocation of tokens
-    prio: u64,
+    prio: usize,
   },
   /// Matches exactly one token, lambda or parenthesized group
   Scalar,
@@ -129,10 +129,12 @@ impl Display for Placeholder {
 }
 
 /// An S-expression as read from a source file
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Clause<N: NameLike> {
-  /// A primitive
+  /// An opaque function, eg. an effectful function employing CPS
-  P(Primitive),
+  ExternFn(ExFn),
+  /// An opaque non-callable value, eg. a file handle
+  Atom(Atom),
   /// A c-style name or an operator, eg. `+`, `i`, `foo::bar`
   Name(N),
   /// A parenthesized expression
@@ -214,7 +216,7 @@ impl<N: NameLike> Clause<N> {
   #[must_use]
   pub fn map_names(&self, pred: &impl Fn(&N) -> Option<N>) -> Option<Self> {
     match self {
-      Clause::P(_) | Clause::Placeh(_) => None,
+      Clause::Atom(_) | Clause::ExternFn(_) | Clause::Placeh(_) => None,
       Clause::Name(name) => pred(name).map(Clause::Name),
       Clause::S(c, body) => {
         let mut any_some = false;
@@ -262,7 +264,8 @@ impl<N: NameLike> Clause<N> {
     match self {
       Self::Name(n) => Clause::Name(pred(n)),
       Self::Placeh(p) => Clause::Placeh(p),
-      Self::P(p) => Clause::P(p),
+      Self::Atom(a) => Clause::Atom(a),
+      Self::ExternFn(f) => Clause::ExternFn(f),
       Self::Lambda(n, b) => Clause::Lambda(
         map_rc(n, |n| n.into_iter().map(|e| e.transform_names(pred)).collect()),
         map_rc(b, |b| b.into_iter().map(|e| e.transform_names(pred)).collect()),
@@ -282,7 +285,8 @@ impl<N: NameLike> Clause<N> {
     match self {
       Clause::Lambda(arg, body) =>
         arg.iter().chain(body.iter()).find_map(|expr| expr.search_all(f)),
-      Clause::Name(_) | Clause::P(_) | Clause::Placeh(_) => None,
+      Clause::Name(_) | Clause::Atom(_) => None,
+      Clause::ExternFn(_) | Clause::Placeh(_) => None,
       Clause::S(_, body) => body.iter().find_map(|expr| expr.search_all(f)),
     }
   }
@@ -295,7 +299,8 @@ impl<N: NameLike> Clause<N> {
     match self {
       Clause::Lambda(arg, body) =>
         search_all_slcs(arg, f).or_else(|| search_all_slcs(body, f)),
-      Clause::Name(_) | Clause::P(_) | Clause::Placeh(_) => None,
+      Clause::Name(_) | Clause::Atom(_) => None,
+      Clause::ExternFn(_) | Clause::Placeh(_) => None,
       Clause::S(_, body) => search_all_slcs(body, f),
     }
   }
@@ -325,7 +330,8 @@ impl Clause<VName> {
 impl<N: NameLike> Display for Clause<N> {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
     match self {
-      Self::P(p) => write!(f, "{:?}", p),
+      Self::ExternFn(fun) => write!(f, "{fun:?}"),
+      Self::Atom(a) => write!(f, "{a:?}"),
       Self::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name.to_strv().join("::")),
       Self::S(del, items) => {
         let body = items.iter().join(" ");
@@ -348,7 +354,7 @@ impl<N: NameLike> Display for Clause<N> {
 }
 
 /// A substitution rule as read from the source
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Rule<N: NameLike> {
   /// Tree fragment in the source code that activates this rule
   pub pattern: Vec<Expr<N>>,
@@ -407,7 +413,7 @@ impl<N: NameLike> Display for Rule<N> {
 }
 
 /// A named constant
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Constant {
   /// Used to reference the constant
   pub name: Tok<String>,

src/representations/ast_to_postmacro.rs

@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ fn expr_rec<'a>(
     Ok(postmacro::Expr { value: expr.value, location: location.clone() })
   } else {
     let value = match value {
-      ast::Clause::P(p) => postmacro::Clause::P(p.clone()),
+      ast::Clause::Atom(a) => postmacro::Clause::Atom(a.clone()),
+      ast::Clause::ExternFn(fun) => postmacro::Clause::ExternFn(fun.clone()),
       ast::Clause::Lambda(arg, b) => {
         let name = match &arg[..] {
           [ast::Expr { value: ast::Clause::Name(name), .. }] => name,

src/representations/const_tree.rs

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ use hashbrown::HashMap;
 
 use super::project::{ItemKind, ProjectItem};
 use crate::ast::{Clause, Expr};
-use crate::foreign::{Atom, Atomic, ExternFn};
+use crate::foreign::{Atom, Atomic, ExFn, ExternFn};
 use crate::interner::Tok;
 use crate::representations::location::Location;
 use crate::representations::project::{ProjectExt, ProjectMod, ProjectTree};
 use crate::representations::tree::{ModEntry, ModMember, Module};
-use crate::representations::{Primitive, VName};
+use crate::representations::VName;
 use crate::utils::substack::Substack;
 
 /// A lightweight module tree that can be built declaratively by hand to
@@ -25,21 +25,18 @@ pub enum ConstTree {
 impl ConstTree {
   /// Describe a [Primitive]
   #[must_use]
-  pub fn primitive(primitive: Primitive) -> Self {
+  pub fn clause(value: Clause<VName>) -> Self {
-    Self::Const(Expr {
+    Self::Const(Expr { location: Location::Unknown, value })
-      location: Location::Unknown,
-      value: Clause::P(primitive),
-    })
   }
   /// Describe an [ExternFn]
   #[must_use]
   pub fn xfn(xfn: impl ExternFn + 'static) -> Self {
-    Self::primitive(Primitive::ExternFn(Box::new(xfn)))
+    Self::clause(Clause::ExternFn(ExFn(Box::new(xfn))))
   }
   /// Describe an [Atomic]
   #[must_use]
   pub fn atom(atom: impl Atomic + 'static) -> Self {
-    Self::primitive(Primitive::Atom(Atom(Box::new(atom))))
+    Self::clause(Clause::Atom(Atom(Box::new(atom))))
   }
   /// Describe a module
   #[must_use]
@@ -85,7 +82,7 @@ impl Add for ConstTree {
           product.insert(key, i1);
         }
       }
-      product.extend(t2.into_iter());
+      product.extend(t2);
       Self::Tree(product)
     } else {
       panic!("cannot combine tree and value fields")
@@ -104,10 +101,8 @@ fn from_const_tree_rec(
     items.insert(name.clone(), ModEntry {
       exported: true,
       member: match item {
-        ConstTree::Const(c) => ModMember::Item(ProjectItem {
+        ConstTree::Const(c) =>
-          kind: ItemKind::Const(c),
+          ModMember::Item(ProjectItem { kind: ItemKind::Const(c) }),
-          is_op: false,
-        }),
         ConstTree::Tree(t) =>
           ModMember::Sub(from_const_tree_rec(path.push(name), t, file)),
       },

src/representations/interpreted.rs

@@ -2,20 +2,18 @@
 //!
 //! This code may be generated to minimize the number of states external
 //! functions have to define
-use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::{Arc, TryLockError, Mutex};
 
 #[allow(unused)] // for doc
 use super::ast;
 use super::location::Location;
 use super::path_set::PathSet;
-use super::primitive::Primitive;
-use super::Literal;
 #[allow(unused)] // for doc
 use crate::foreign::Atomic;
-use crate::foreign::ExternError;
+use crate::foreign::{Atom, ExFn, ExternError};
 use crate::utils::ddispatch::request;
 use crate::utils::take_with_output;
 use crate::Sym;
@@ -40,10 +38,11 @@ impl Debug for Expr {
 
 impl Display for Expr {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-    match &self.location {
+    write!(f, "{}", self.clause)
-      Location::Unknown => write!(f, "{}", self.clause),
+    // match &self.location {
-      loc => write!(f, "{}:({})", loc, self.clause),
+    //   Location::Unknown => write!(f, "{}", self.clause),
-    }
+    //   loc => write!(f, "{}:({})", loc, self.clause),
+    // }
   }
 }
 
@@ -64,20 +63,20 @@ impl TryFromExprInst for ExprInst {
 /// A wrapper around expressions to handle their multiple occurences in
 /// the tree together
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct ExprInst(pub Rc<RefCell<Expr>>);
+pub struct ExprInst(pub Arc<Mutex<Expr>>);
 impl ExprInst {
   /// Wrap an [Expr] in a shared container so that normalizatoin steps are
   /// applied to all references
   #[must_use]
-  pub fn new(expr: Expr) -> Self { Self(Rc::new(RefCell::new(expr))) }
+  pub fn new(expr: Expr) -> Self { Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(expr))) }
 
   /// Take the [Expr] out of this container if it's the last reference to it, or
   /// clone it out.
   #[must_use]
   pub fn expr_val(self) -> Expr {
-    Rc::try_unwrap(self.0)
+    Arc::try_unwrap(self.0)
-      .map(|c| c.into_inner())
+      .map(|c| c.into_inner().unwrap())
-      .unwrap_or_else(|rc| rc.as_ref().borrow().deref().clone())
+      .unwrap_or_else(|arc| arc.lock().unwrap().clone())
   }
 
   /// Read-only access to the shared expression instance
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ impl ExprInst {
   /// if the expression is already borrowed in read-write mode
   #[must_use]
   pub fn expr(&self) -> impl Deref<Target = Expr> + '_ {
-    self.0.as_ref().borrow()
+    self.0.lock().unwrap()
   }
 
   /// Read-Write access to the shared expression instance
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ impl ExprInst {
   /// if the expression is already borrowed
   #[must_use]
   pub fn expr_mut(&self) -> impl DerefMut<Target = Expr> + '_ {
-    self.0.as_ref().borrow_mut()
+    self.0.lock().unwrap()
   }
 
   /// Call a normalization function on the expression. The expr is
@@ -137,26 +136,6 @@ impl ExprInst {
     predicate(&self.expr().clause)
   }
 
-  /// Call the predicate on the value inside this expression if it is a
-  /// primitive
-  pub fn get_literal(self) -> Result<(Literal, Location), Self> {
-    Rc::try_unwrap(self.0).map_or_else(
-      |rc| {
-        if let Expr { clause: Clause::P(Primitive::Literal(li)), location } =
-          rc.as_ref().borrow().deref()
-        {
-          return Ok((li.clone(), location.clone()));
-        }
-        Err(Self(rc))
-      },
-      |cell| match cell.into_inner() {
-        Expr { clause: Clause::P(Primitive::Literal(li)), location } =>
-          Ok((li, location)),
-        expr => Err(Self::new(expr)),
-      },
-    )
-  }
-
   /// Visit all expressions in the tree. The search can be exited early by
   /// returning [Some]
   ///
@@ -174,7 +153,8 @@ impl ExprInst {
       Clause::Lambda { body, .. } => body.search_all(predicate),
       Clause::Constant(_)
       | Clause::LambdaArg
-      | Clause::P(_)
+      | Clause::Atom(_)
+      | Clause::ExternFn(_)
       | Clause::Bottom => None,
     })
   }
@@ -195,7 +175,7 @@ impl ExprInst {
   #[must_use = "your request might not have succeeded"]
   pub fn request<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<T> {
     match &self.expr().clause {
-      Clause::P(Primitive::Atom(a)) => request(&*a.0),
+      Clause::Atom(a) => request(&*a.0),
       _ => None,
     }
   }
@@ -203,18 +183,20 @@ impl ExprInst {
 
 impl Debug for ExprInst {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-    match self.0.try_borrow() {
+    match self.0.try_lock() {
       Ok(expr) => write!(f, "{expr:?}"),
-      Err(_) => write!(f, "<borrowed>"),
+      Err(TryLockError::Poisoned(_)) => write!(f, "<poisoned>"),
+      Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => write!(f, "<locked>"),
     }
   }
 }
 
 impl Display for ExprInst {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-    match self.0.try_borrow() {
+    match self.0.try_lock() {
       Ok(expr) => write!(f, "{expr}"),
-      Err(_) => write!(f, "<borrowed>"),
+      Err(TryLockError::Poisoned(_)) => write!(f, "<poisoned>"),
+      Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => write!(f, "<locked>"),
     }
   }
 }
@@ -224,8 +206,10 @@ impl Display for ExprInst {
 pub enum Clause {
   /// An expression that causes an error
   Bottom,
-  /// An unintrospectable unit
+  /// An opaque function, eg. an effectful function employing CPS
-  P(Primitive),
+  ExternFn(ExFn),
+  /// An opaque non-callable value, eg. a file handle
+  Atom(Atom),
   /// A function application
   Apply {
     /// Function to be applied
@@ -252,7 +236,7 @@ impl Clause {
   /// copied or moved clauses as it does not have debug information and
   /// does not share a normalization cache list with them.
   pub fn wrap(self) -> ExprInst {
-    ExprInst(Rc::new(RefCell::new(Expr {
+    ExprInst(Arc::new(Mutex::new(Expr {
       location: Location::Unknown,
       clause: self,
     })))
@@ -284,7 +268,8 @@ impl Clause {
 impl Display for Clause {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
     match self {
-      Clause::P(p) => write!(f, "{p:?}"),
+      Clause::ExternFn(fun) => write!(f, "{fun:?}"),
+      Clause::Atom(a) => write!(f, "{a:?}"),
       Clause::Bottom => write!(f, "bottom"),
       Clause::LambdaArg => write!(f, "arg"),
       Clause::Apply { f: fun, x } => write!(f, "({fun} {x})"),
@@ -296,11 +281,3 @@ impl Display for Clause {
     }
   }
 }
-
-impl<T: Into<Literal>> From<T> for Clause {
-  fn from(value: T) -> Self { Self::P(Primitive::Literal(value.into())) }
-}
-
-impl<T: Into<Clause>> From<T> for ExprInst {
-  fn from(value: T) -> Self { value.into().wrap() }
-}

src/representations/literal.rs

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-use std::fmt::Debug;
-
-use ordered_float::NotNan;
-
-use super::OrcString;
-
-/// Exact values read from the AST which have a shared meaning recognized by all
-/// external functions
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub enum Literal {
-  /// Any floating point number except `NaN`
-  Num(NotNan<f64>),
-  /// An unsigned integer; a size, index or pointer
-  Uint(u64),
-  /// A utf-8 character sequence
-  Str(OrcString),
-}
-
-impl Debug for Literal {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-    match self {
-      Self::Num(arg0) => write!(f, "{:?}", arg0),
-      Self::Uint(arg0) => write!(f, "{:?}", arg0),
-      Self::Str(arg0) => write!(f, "{:?}", arg0),
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl From<NotNan<f64>> for Literal {
-  fn from(value: NotNan<f64>) -> Self { Self::Num(value) }
-}
-impl From<u64> for Literal {
-  fn from(value: u64) -> Self { Self::Uint(value) }
-}
-impl From<String> for Literal {
-  fn from(value: String) -> Self { Self::Str(value.into()) }
-}

src/representations/location.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
 use std::ops::Range;
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
@@ -13,15 +13,15 @@ pub enum Location {
   /// Location information lost or code generated on the fly
   Unknown,
   /// Only the file is known
-  File(Rc<VName>),
+  File(Arc<VName>),
   /// Character slice of the code
   Range {
     /// Argument to the file loading callback that produced this code
-    file: Rc<VName>,
+    file: Arc<VName>,
     /// Index of the unicode code points associated with the code
     range: Range<usize>,
     /// The full source code as received by the parser
-    source: Rc<String>,
+    source: Arc<String>,
   },
 }
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl Location {
 
   /// File, if known
   #[must_use]
-  pub fn file(&self) -> Option<Rc<VName>> {
+  pub fn file(&self) -> Option<Arc<VName>> {
     if let Self::File(file) | Self::Range { file, .. } = self {
       Some(file.clone())
     } else {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl Location {
 
   /// Associated source code, if known
   #[must_use]
-  pub fn source(&self) -> Option<Rc<String>> {
+  pub fn source(&self) -> Option<Arc<String>> {
     if let Self::Range { source, .. } = self {
       Some(source.clone())
     } else {

src/representations/mod.rs

@@ -3,22 +3,18 @@ pub mod ast_to_interpreted;
 pub mod ast_to_postmacro;
 mod const_tree;
 pub mod interpreted;
-pub mod literal;
 pub mod location;
 mod namelike;
 pub mod path_set;
 pub mod postmacro;
 pub mod postmacro_to_interpreted;
-pub mod primitive;
 pub mod project;
 pub mod sourcefile;
 mod string;
 pub mod tree;
 
 pub use const_tree::{from_const_tree, ConstTree};
-pub use literal::Literal;
 pub use location::Location;
 pub use namelike::{NameLike, Sym, VName};
 pub use path_set::PathSet;
-pub use primitive::Primitive;
 pub use string::OrcString;

src/representations/path_set.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::ops::Add;
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::utils::rc_tools::rc_to_owned;
+use crate::utils::rc_tools::arc_to_owned;
 use crate::utils::Side;
 
 /// A branching path selecting some placeholders (but at least one) in a Lambda
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ use crate::utils::Side;
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct PathSet {
   /// The definite steps
-  pub steps: Rc<Vec<Side>>,
+  pub steps: Arc<Vec<Side>>,
   /// if Some, it splits. If None, it ends.
-  pub next: Option<(Rc<PathSet>, Rc<PathSet>)>,
+  pub next: Option<(Arc<PathSet>, Arc<PathSet>)>,
 }
 
 impl PathSet {
@@ -22,20 +22,20 @@ impl PathSet {
     left: Self,
     right: Self,
   ) -> Self {
-    let steps = Rc::new(steps.into_iter().collect());
+    let steps = Arc::new(steps.into_iter().collect());
-    Self { steps, next: Some((Rc::new(left), Rc::new(right))) }
+    Self { steps, next: Some((Arc::new(left), Arc::new(right))) }
   }
 
   /// Create a path set for one target
   pub fn end(steps: impl IntoIterator<Item = Side>) -> Self {
-    Self { steps: Rc::new(steps.into_iter().collect()), next: None }
+    Self { steps: Arc::new(steps.into_iter().collect()), next: None }
   }
 
   /// Create a path set points to a slot that is a direct
   /// child of the given lambda with no applications. In essence, this means
   /// that this argument will be picked as the value of the expression after an
   /// arbitrary amount of subsequent discarded parameters.
-  pub fn pick() -> Self { Self { steps: Rc::new(vec![]), next: None } }
+  pub fn pick() -> Self { Self { steps: Arc::new(vec![]), next: None } }
 }
 
 impl Debug for PathSet {
@@ -57,7 +57,10 @@ impl Debug for PathSet {
 impl Add for PathSet {
   type Output = Self;
   fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
-    Self { steps: Rc::new(vec![]), next: Some((Rc::new(self), Rc::new(rhs))) }
+    Self {
+      steps: Arc::new(vec![]),
+      next: Some((Arc::new(self), Arc::new(rhs))),
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -65,9 +68,9 @@ impl Add<Side> for PathSet {
   type Output = Self;
   fn add(self, rhs: Side) -> Self::Output {
     let PathSet { steps, next } = self;
-    let mut new_steps = rc_to_owned(steps);
+    let mut new_steps = arc_to_owned(steps);
     new_steps.insert(0, rhs);
-    Self { steps: Rc::new(new_steps), next }
+    Self { steps: Arc::new(new_steps), next }
   }
 }
 
@@ -78,9 +81,9 @@ mod tests {
   #[test]
   fn test_combine() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
     let ps1 =
-      PathSet { next: None, steps: Rc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Left]) };
+      PathSet { next: None, steps: Arc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Left]) };
     let ps2 =
-      PathSet { next: None, steps: Rc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Right]) };
+      PathSet { next: None, steps: Arc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Right]) };
     let sum = ps1.clone() + ps2.clone();
     assert_eq!(sum.steps.as_ref(), &[]);
     let nexts = sum.next.ok_or("nexts not set")?;
@@ -92,16 +95,16 @@ mod tests {
   fn extend_scaffold() -> PathSet {
     PathSet {
       next: Some((
-        Rc::new(PathSet {
+        Arc::new(PathSet {
           next: None,
-          steps: Rc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Left]),
+          steps: Arc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Left]),
         }),
-        Rc::new(PathSet {
+        Arc::new(PathSet {
           next: None,
-          steps: Rc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Right]),
+          steps: Arc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Right]),
         }),
       )),
-      steps: Rc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Right, Side::Left]),
+      steps: Arc::new(vec![Side::Left, Side::Right, Side::Left]),
     }
   }
 

src/representations/postmacro.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::fmt::{Debug, Write};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use super::location::Location;
-use super::primitive::Primitive;
+use crate::foreign::{ExFn, Atom};
 use crate::utils::string_from_charset;
 use crate::Sym;
 
@@ -42,7 +42,10 @@ pub enum Clause {
   Lambda(Rc<Expr>),
   Constant(Sym),
   LambdaArg(usize),
-  P(Primitive),
+  /// An opaque function, eg. an effectful function employing CPS
+  ExternFn(ExFn),
+  /// An opaque non-callable value, eg. a file handle
+  Atom(Atom),
 }
 
 const ARGNAME_CHARSET: &str = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
@@ -75,7 +78,8 @@ impl Clause {
     Wrap(wl, wr): Wrap,
   ) -> std::fmt::Result {
     match self {
-      Self::P(p) => write!(f, "{p:?}"),
+      Self::Atom(a) => write!(f, "{a:?}"),
+      Self::ExternFn(fun) => write!(f, "{fun:?}"),
       Self::Lambda(body) => parametric_fmt(f, depth, "\\", body, wr),
       Self::LambdaArg(skip) => {
         let lambda_depth = (depth - skip - 1).try_into().unwrap();

src/representations/postmacro_to_interpreted.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use super::path_set::PathSet;
 use super::{interpreted, postmacro};
@@ -18,12 +17,12 @@ fn collect_paths_cls_rec(
   depth: usize,
 ) -> Option<PathSet> {
   match cls {
-    postmacro::Clause::P(_) | postmacro::Clause::Constant(_) => None,
+    postmacro::Clause::Atom(_) | postmacro::Clause::ExternFn(_) => None,
+    postmacro::Clause::Constant(_) => None,
     postmacro::Clause::LambdaArg(h) =>
-      if *h != depth {
+      match *h != depth {
-        None
+        true => None,
-      } else {
+        false => Some(PathSet::pick())
-        Some(PathSet { next: None, steps: Rc::new(vec![]) })
       },
     postmacro::Clause::Lambda(b) => collect_paths_expr_rec(b, depth + 1),
     postmacro::Clause::Apply(f, x) => {
@@ -43,7 +42,8 @@ pub fn clause(cls: &postmacro::Clause) -> interpreted::Clause {
   match cls {
     postmacro::Clause::Constant(name) =>
       interpreted::Clause::Constant(name.clone()),
-    postmacro::Clause::P(p) => interpreted::Clause::P(p.clone()),
+    postmacro::Clause::Atom(a) => interpreted::Clause::Atom(a.clone()),
+    postmacro::Clause::ExternFn(fun) => interpreted::Clause::ExternFn(fun.clone()),
     postmacro::Clause::Apply(f, x) =>
       interpreted::Clause::Apply { f: expr(f.as_ref()), x: expr(x.as_ref()) },
     postmacro::Clause::Lambda(body) => interpreted::Clause::Lambda {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pub fn clause(cls: &postmacro::Clause) -> interpreted::Clause {
 }
 
 pub fn expr(expr: &postmacro::Expr) -> interpreted::ExprInst {
-  interpreted::ExprInst(Rc::new(RefCell::new(interpreted::Expr {
+  interpreted::ExprInst(Arc::new(Mutex::new(interpreted::Expr {
     location: expr.location.clone(),
     clause: clause(&expr.value),
   })))

src/representations/primitive.rs

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-use std::fmt::Debug;
-
-use super::Literal;
-use crate::foreign::{Atom, ExternFn};
-
-/// A value the interpreter can't inspect
-pub enum Primitive {
-  /// A literal value, eg. `1`, `"hello"`
-  Literal(Literal),
-  /// An opaque function, eg. an effectful function employing CPS
-  ExternFn(Box<dyn ExternFn>),
-  /// An opaque non-callable value, eg. a file handle
-  Atom(Atom),
-}
-
-impl PartialEq for Primitive {
-  fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-    if let (Self::Literal(l1), Self::Literal(l2)) = (self, other) {
-      l1 == l2
-    } else {
-      false
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl Clone for Primitive {
-  fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-    match self {
-      Primitive::Literal(l) => Primitive::Literal(l.clone()),
-      Primitive::Atom(a) => Primitive::Atom(a.clone()),
-      Primitive::ExternFn(ef) =>
-        Primitive::ExternFn(dyn_clone::clone_box(ef.as_ref())),
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl Debug for Primitive {
-  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-    match self {
-      Self::Atom(a) => write!(f, "{a:?}"),
-      Self::ExternFn(ef) => write!(f, "{ef:?}"),
-      Self::Literal(l) => write!(f, "{l:?}"),
-    }
-  }
-}

src/representations/project.rs

@@ -31,26 +31,15 @@ impl<N: NameLike> Default for ItemKind<N> {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct ProjectItem<N: NameLike> {
   pub kind: ItemKind<N>,
-  pub is_op: bool,
 }
 
 impl<N: NameLike> Display for ProjectItem<N> {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
     match &self.kind {
-      ItemKind::None => match self.is_op {
+      ItemKind::None => write!(f, "keyword"),
-        true => write!(f, "operator"),
+      ItemKind::Const(c) => write!(f, "constant {c}"),
-        false => write!(f, "keyword"),
-      },
-      ItemKind::Const(c) => match self.is_op {
-        true => write!(f, "operator with value {c}"),
-        false => write!(f, "constant {c}"),
-      },
       ItemKind::Alias(alias) => {
-        let origin = Interner::extern_all(alias).join("::");
+        write!(f, "alias to {}", Interner::extern_all(alias).join("::"))
-        match self.is_op {
-          true => write!(f, "operator alias to {origin}"),
-          false => write!(f, "alias to {origin}"),
-        }
       },
     }
   }
@@ -61,9 +50,6 @@ impl<N: NameLike> Display for ProjectItem<N> {
 pub struct ImpReport<N: NameLike> {
   /// Absolute path of the module the symbol is imported from
   pub source: N,
-  /// Whether this symbol should be treated as an operator for the purpose of
-  /// parsing
-  pub is_op: bool,
 }
 
 /// Additional data about a loaded module beyond the list of constants and
@@ -94,8 +80,8 @@ impl<N: NameLike> Add for ProjectExt<N> {
         Interner::extern_all(&self.path).join("::")
       )
     }
-    self.imports_from.extend(imports_from.into_iter());
+    self.imports_from.extend(imports_from);
-    self.rules.extend(rules.into_iter());
+    self.rules.extend(rules);
     if file.is_some() {
       self.file = file
     }
@@ -190,7 +176,6 @@ fn vname_to_sym_tree_rec(
             ModMember::Sub(module) =>
               ModMember::Sub(vname_to_sym_tree_rec(module, i)),
             ModMember::Item(ex) => ModMember::Item(ProjectItem {
-              is_op: ex.is_op,
               kind: match ex.kind {
                 ItemKind::None => ItemKind::None,
                 ItemKind::Alias(n) => ItemKind::Alias(n),
@@ -204,7 +189,7 @@ fn vname_to_sym_tree_rec(
     extra: ProjectExt {
       path: tree.extra.path,
       imports_from: (tree.extra.imports_from.into_iter())
-        .map(|(k, v)| (k, ImpReport { is_op: v.is_op, source: i.i(&v.source) }))
+        .map(|(k, v)| (k, ImpReport { source: i.i(&v.source) }))
         .collect(),
       rules: (tree.extra.rules.into_iter())
         .map(|Rule { pattern, prio, template }| Rule {

src/representations/sourcefile.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use super::namelike::VName;
 use crate::ast::{Constant, Rule};
 use crate::error::{ProjectError, ProjectResult, TooManySupers};
 use crate::interner::{Interner, Tok};
-use crate::utils::pure_push::pushed;
+use crate::utils::pure_seq::pushed;
 use crate::utils::{unwrap_or, BoxedIter};
 use crate::Location;
 
@@ -78,16 +78,11 @@ pub enum MemberKind {
   Constant(Constant),
   /// A prefixed set of other entries
   Module(ModuleBlock),
-  /// Operator declarations
-  Operators(Vec<Tok<String>>),
 }
 
 impl Display for MemberKind {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
     match self {
-      Self::Operators(opv) => {
-        write!(f, "operators[{}]", opv.iter().map(|t| &**t).join(" "))
-      },
       Self::Constant(c) => c.fmt(f),
       Self::Module(m) => m.fmt(f),
       Self::Rule(r) => r.fmt(f),

src/representations/string.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::ops::Deref;
-use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::interpreted::{Clause, ExprInst};
+use crate::foreign::InertAtomic;
-use crate::{Literal, Primitive, Tok};
+use crate::{Interner, Tok};
 
 /// An Orchid string which may or may not be interned
 #[derive(Clone, Eq)]
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub enum OrcString {
   /// An interned string. Equality-conpared by reference.
   Interned(Tok<String>),
   /// An uninterned bare string. Equality-compared by character
-  Runtime(Rc<String>),
+  Runtime(Arc<String>),
 }
 
 impl Debug for OrcString {
@@ -25,23 +25,21 @@ impl Debug for OrcString {
 }
 
 impl OrcString {
+  /// Intern the contained string
+  pub fn intern(&mut self, i: &Interner) {
+    if let Self::Runtime(t) = self {
+      *self = Self::Interned(i.i(t.as_str()))
+    }
+  }
   /// Clone out the plain Rust [String]
   #[must_use]
   pub fn get_string(self) -> String {
     match self {
       Self::Interned(s) => s.as_str().to_owned(),
       Self::Runtime(rc) =>
-        Rc::try_unwrap(rc).unwrap_or_else(|rc| (*rc).clone()),
+        Arc::try_unwrap(rc).unwrap_or_else(|rc| (*rc).clone()),
     }
   }
-
-  /// Wrap in a [Clause] for returning from extern functions
-  pub fn cls(self) -> Clause {
-    Clause::P(Primitive::Literal(Literal::Str(self)))
-  }
-
-  /// Wrap in an [ExprInst] for embedding in runtime-generated code
-  pub fn exi(self) -> ExprInst { self.cls().wrap() }
 }
 
 impl Deref for OrcString {
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@ impl Hash for OrcString {
 }
 
 impl From<String> for OrcString {
-  fn from(value: String) -> Self { Self::Runtime(Rc::new(value)) }
+  fn from(value: String) -> Self { Self::Runtime(Arc::new(value)) }
 }
 
 impl From<Tok<String>> for OrcString {
@@ -77,3 +75,8 @@ impl PartialEq for OrcString {
     }
   }
 }
+
+impl InertAtomic for OrcString {
+  fn type_str() -> &'static str { "OrcString" }
+  fn strict_eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self == other }
+}

src/representations/tree.rs

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl<TItem: Clone, TExt: Clone> Module<TItem, TExt> {
         (_, right) => new_items.insert(key, right),
       };
     }
-    new_items.extend(self.entries.into_iter());
+    new_items.extend(self.entries);
     Ok(Module { entries: new_items, extra: (self.extra + extra)? })
   }
 }

src/rule/matcher_vectree/build.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::rule::vec_attrs::vec_attrs;
 use crate::utils::Side;
 
 pub type MaxVecSplit<'a> =
-  (&'a [RuleExpr], (Tok<String>, u64, bool), &'a [RuleExpr]);
+  (&'a [RuleExpr], (Tok<String>, usize, bool), &'a [RuleExpr]);
 
 /// Derive the details of the central vectorial and the two sides from a
 /// slice of Expr's
@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ fn mk_vec(pattern: &[RuleExpr]) -> VecMatcher {
 #[must_use]
 fn mk_scalar(pattern: &RuleExpr) -> ScalMatcher {
   match &pattern.value {
-    Clause::P(p) => ScalMatcher::P(p.clone()),
+    Clause::Atom(a) => ScalMatcher::Atom(a.clone()),
+    Clause::ExternFn(_) => panic!("Cannot match on ExternFn"),
     Clause::Name(n) => ScalMatcher::Name(n.clone()),
     Clause::Placeh(Placeholder { name, class }) => {
       debug_assert!(

src/rule/matcher_vectree/scal_match.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ pub fn scal_match<'a>(
   expr: &'a RuleExpr,
 ) -> Option<State<'a>> {
   match (matcher, &expr.value) {
-    (ScalMatcher::P(p1), Clause::P(p2)) if p1 == p2 => Some(State::new()),
+    (ScalMatcher::Atom(a1), Clause::Atom(a2)) if a1.0.strict_eq(&a2.0) =>
+      Some(State::new()),
     (ScalMatcher::Name(n1), Clause::Name(n2)) if n1 == n2 => Some(State::new()),
     (ScalMatcher::Placeh(key), _) =>
       Some(State::from([(key.clone(), StateEntry::Scalar(expr))])),

src/rule/matcher_vectree/shared.rs

@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use super::any_match::any_match;
 use super::build::mk_any;
+use crate::foreign::Atom;
 use crate::interner::Tok;
-use crate::representations::Primitive;
 use crate::rule::matcher::{Matcher, RuleExpr};
 use crate::rule::state::State;
 use crate::utils::Side;
 use crate::{Sym, VName};
 
 pub enum ScalMatcher {
-  P(Primitive),
+  Atom(Atom),
   Name(Sym),
   S(char, Box<AnyMatcher>),
   Lambda(Box<AnyMatcher>, Box<AnyMatcher>),
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl Matcher for AnyMatcher {
 impl Display for ScalMatcher {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
     match self {
-      Self::P(p) => write!(f, "{:?}", p),
+      Self::Atom(a) => write!(f, "{a:?}"),
       Self::Placeh(n) => write!(f, "${n}"),
       Self::Name(n) => write!(f, "{}", n.extern_vec().join("::")),
       Self::S(c, body) => {

src/rule/matcher_vectree/vec_match.rs

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pub fn vec_match<'a>(
       // Valid combinations of locations for the separators
       let mut pos_pairs = lposv
         .into_iter()
-        .cartesian_product(rposv.into_iter())
+        .cartesian_product(rposv)
         .filter(|((lpos, _), (rpos, _))| lpos + left_sep.len() <= *rpos)
         .map(|((lpos, mut lstate), (rpos, rstate))| {
           lstate.extend(rstate);

src/rule/prepare_rule.rs

@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ fn pad(mut rule: Rule<Sym>, i: &Interner) -> Rule<Sym> {
   let prefix_v = if prefix_explicit { empty } else { prefix };
   let suffix_v = if suffix_explicit { empty } else { suffix };
   rule.pattern = (prefix_v.iter().cloned())
-    .chain(rule.pattern.into_iter())
+    .chain(rule.pattern)
     .chain(suffix_v.iter().cloned())
     .collect();
   rule.template = (prefix_v.iter().cloned())
-    .chain(rule.template.into_iter())
+    .chain(rule.template)
     .chain(suffix_v.iter().cloned())
     .collect();
   rule
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ fn check_rec_expr(
   in_template: bool,
 ) -> Result<(), RuleError> {
   match &expr.value {
-    Clause::Name(_) | Clause::P(_) => Ok(()),
+    Clause::Name(_) | Clause::Atom(_) => Ok(()),
+    Clause::ExternFn(_) => Err(RuleError::ExternFn),
     Clause::Placeh(Placeholder { name, class }) => {
       let typ = (*class).into();
       // in a template, the type must be known and identical

src/rule/rule_error.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ use hashbrown::HashSet;
 
 use crate::ast::{self, search_all_slcs, PHClass, Placeholder, Rule};
 use crate::error::{ErrorPosition, ProjectError};
+#[allow(unused)] // for doc
+use crate::foreign::ExternFn;
 use crate::interner::Tok;
 use crate::utils::BoxedIter;
 use crate::{Location, Sym};
@@ -20,16 +22,20 @@ pub enum RuleError {
   Multiple(Tok<String>),
   /// Two vectorial placeholders are next to each other
   VecNeighbors(Tok<String>, Tok<String>),
+  /// Found an [ExternFn] in the pattern. This is a really unlikely mistake
+  /// caused only by rogue systems.
+  ExternFn,
 }
 impl RuleError {
   /// Convert into a unified error trait object shared by all Orchid errors
   #[must_use]
   pub fn to_project_error(self, rule: &Rule<Sym>) -> Rc<dyn ProjectError> {
     match self {
-      RuleError::Missing(name) => Missing::new(rule, name).rc(),
+      Self::Missing(name) => Missing::new(rule, name).rc(),
-      RuleError::Multiple(name) => Multiple::new(rule, name).rc(),
+      Self::Multiple(name) => Multiple::new(rule, name).rc(),
-      RuleError::ArityMismatch(name) => ArityMismatch::new(rule, name).rc(),
+      Self::ArityMismatch(name) => ArityMismatch::new(rule, name).rc(),
-      RuleError::VecNeighbors(n1, n2) => VecNeighbors::new(rule, n1, n2).rc(),
+      Self::VecNeighbors(n1, n2) => VecNeighbors::new(rule, n1, n2).rc(),
+      Self::ExternFn => ExternFnInPattern(rule.clone()).rc(),
     }
   }
 }
@@ -37,6 +43,7 @@ impl RuleError {
 impl Display for RuleError {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
     match self {
+      Self::ExternFn => write!(f, "Found an ExternFn in the pattern"),
       Self::Missing(key) => write!(f, "Key {key} not in match pattern"),
       Self::ArityMismatch(key) => {
         write!(f, "Key {key} used inconsistently with and without ellipsis")
@@ -44,10 +51,8 @@ impl Display for RuleError {
       Self::Multiple(key) => {
         write!(f, "Key {key} appears multiple times in match pattern")
       },
-      Self::VecNeighbors(left, right) => write!(
+      Self::VecNeighbors(left, right) =>
-        f,
+        write!(f, "vectorials {left} and {right} are next to each other"),
-        "Keys {left} and {right} are two vectorials right next to each other"
-      ),
     }
   }
 }
@@ -232,3 +237,15 @@ impl ProjectError for VecNeighbors {
     )
   }
 }
+
+/// Not referencing by location because it's most likely unknown
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ExternFnInPattern(ast::Rule<Sym>);
+impl ProjectError for ExternFnInPattern {
+  fn description(&self) -> &str {
+    "Found an ExternFn in a pattern. Unlikely error caused by a system"
+  }
+  fn message(&self) -> String {
+    format!("Found ExternFn in pattern {}", self.0)
+  }
+}

src/rule/state.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::ast::{Clause, Expr, PHClass, Placeholder};
 use crate::interner::Tok;
 use crate::utils::unwrap_or;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub enum StateEntry<'a> {
   Vec(&'a [RuleExpr]),
   Scalar(&'a RuleExpr),
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ pub fn apply_exprv(template: &[RuleExpr], state: &State) -> Vec<RuleExpr> {
 pub fn apply_expr(template: &RuleExpr, state: &State) -> Vec<RuleExpr> {
   let Expr { location, value } = template;
   match value {
-    Clause::P(_) | Clause::Name(_) => vec![template.clone()],
+    Clause::Atom(_) | Clause::Name(_) | Clause::ExternFn(_) =>
+      vec![template.clone()],
     Clause::S(c, body) => vec![Expr {
       location: location.clone(),
       value: Clause::S(*c, Rc::new(apply_exprv(body.as_slice(), state))),

src/rule/update_first_seq.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ pub fn clause<F: FnMut(Rc<Vec<RuleExpr>>) -> Option<Rc<Vec<RuleExpr>>>>(
   pred: &mut F,
 ) -> Option<Clause<Sym>> {
   match c {
-    Clause::P(_) | Clause::Placeh { .. } | Clause::Name { .. } => None,
+    Clause::Atom(_) | Clause::Placeh { .. } | Clause::Name { .. } => None,
+    Clause::ExternFn(_) => None,
     Clause::Lambda(arg, body) =>
       if let Some(arg) = exprv(arg.clone(), pred) {
         Some(Clause::Lambda(arg, body.clone()))

src/rule/vec_attrs.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::interner::Tok;
 /// Returns the name, priority and nonzero of the expression if it is
 /// a vectorial placeholder
 #[must_use]
-pub fn vec_attrs(expr: &RuleExpr) -> Option<(Tok<String>, u64, bool)> {
+pub fn vec_attrs(expr: &RuleExpr) -> Option<(Tok<String>, usize, bool)> {
   match expr.value.clone() {
     Clause::Placeh(Placeholder {
       class: PHClass::Vec { prio, nonzero },

src/systems/asynch/async.orc

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import std::panic
 
-export const block_on := \action.\cont. (
+export const block_on := \action. \cont. (
   action cont
     (\e.panic "unwrapped asynch call")
     \c.yield

src/systems/asynch/system.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::mpsc::Sender;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
@@ -17,23 +18,30 @@ use crate::interpreted::{Clause, ExprInst};
 use crate::interpreter::HandlerTable;
 use crate::pipeline::file_loader::embed_to_map;
 use crate::systems::codegen::call;
-use crate::systems::stl::Boolean;
 use crate::utils::poller::{PollEvent, Poller};
 use crate::utils::unwrap_or;
 use crate::{ConstTree, Interner};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 struct Timer {
-  recurring: Boolean,
+  recurring: bool,
   delay: NotNan<f64>,
 }
 
-pub fn set_timer(recurring: Boolean, delay: NotNan<f64>) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
+pub fn set_timer(recurring: bool, delay: NotNan<f64>) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
   Ok(init_cps(2, Timer { recurring, delay }))
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-struct CancelTimer(Rc<dyn Fn()>);
+struct CancelTimer(Arc<Mutex<dyn Fn() + Send>>);
+impl CancelTimer {
+  pub fn new(f: impl Fn() + Send + 'static) -> Self {
+    Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(f)))
+  }
+  pub fn cancel(&self) {
+    self.0.lock().unwrap()()
+  }
+}
 impl Debug for CancelTimer {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
     write!(f, "opaque cancel operation")
@@ -134,17 +142,16 @@ impl<'a> IntoSystem<'a> for AsynchSystem<'a> {
         let mut polly = polly.borrow_mut();
         let (timeout, action, cont) = t.unpack2();
         let duration = Duration::from_secs_f64(*timeout.delay);
-        let cancel_timer = if timeout.recurring.0 {
+        let cancel_timer = match timeout.recurring {
-          CancelTimer(Rc::new(polly.set_interval(duration, action)))
+          true => CancelTimer::new(polly.set_interval(duration, action)),
-        } else {
+          false => CancelTimer::new(polly.set_timeout(duration, action)),
-          CancelTimer(Rc::new(polly.set_timeout(duration, action)))
         };
         Ok(call(cont, [init_cps(1, cancel_timer).wrap()]).wrap())
       }
     });
     handler_table.register(move |t: Box<CPSBox<CancelTimer>>| {
       let (command, cont) = t.unpack1();
-      command.0.as_ref()();
+      command.cancel();
       Ok(cont)
     });
     handler_table.register({
@@ -165,7 +172,7 @@ impl<'a> IntoSystem<'a> for AsynchSystem<'a> {
             PollEvent::Event(ev) => {
               let handler = (handlers.get_mut(&ev.as_ref().type_id()))
                 .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                  panic!("Unhandled messgae type: {:?}", ev.type_id())
+                  panic!("Unhandled messgae type: {:?}", (*ev).type_id())
                 });
               let events = handler(ev);
               // we got new microtasks
@@ -181,6 +188,8 @@ impl<'a> IntoSystem<'a> for AsynchSystem<'a> {
     });
     System {
       name: vec!["system".to_string(), "asynch".to_string()],
+      lexer_plugin: None,
+      line_parser: None,
       constants: ConstTree::namespace(
         [i.i("system"), i.i("async")],
         ConstTree::tree([

src/systems/cast_exprinst.rs

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-//! Utility functions that operate on literals. Because of the parallel locked
-//! nature of [ExprInst], returning a reference to [Literal] is not possible.
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-use ordered_float::NotNan;
-
-use super::assertion_error::AssertionError;
-use crate::foreign::{Atom, ExternError};
-use crate::interpreted::{Clause, Expr, TryFromExprInst};
-use crate::representations::interpreted::ExprInst;
-use crate::representations::{Literal, OrcString};
-use crate::{Location, Primitive};
-
-/// [ExprInst::get_literal] except the error is mapped to an [ExternError]
-pub fn get_literal(
-  exi: ExprInst,
-) -> Result<(Literal, Location), Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
-  (exi.get_literal()).map_err(|exi| {
-    eprintln!("failed to get literal from {:?}", exi.expr().clause);
-    AssertionError::ext(exi.location(), "literal")
-  })
-}
-
-// ######## Automatically ########
-
-impl TryFromExprInst for Literal {
-  fn from_exi(exi: ExprInst) -> Result<Self, Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
-    get_literal(exi).map(|(l, _)| l)
-  }
-}
-
-impl TryFromExprInst for OrcString {
-  fn from_exi(exi: ExprInst) -> Result<Self, Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
-    match get_literal(exi)? {
-      (Literal::Str(s), _) => Ok(s),
-      (_, location) => AssertionError::fail(location, "string"),
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl TryFromExprInst for u64 {
-  fn from_exi(exi: ExprInst) -> Result<Self, Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
-    match get_literal(exi)? {
-      (Literal::Uint(u), _) => Ok(u),
-      (_, location) => AssertionError::fail(location, "uint"),
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl TryFromExprInst for NotNan<f64> {
-  fn from_exi(exi: ExprInst) -> Result<Self, Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
-    match get_literal(exi)? {
-      (Literal::Num(n), _) => Ok(n),
-      (_, location) => AssertionError::fail(location, "float"),
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-impl TryFromExprInst for Atom {
-  fn from_exi(exi: ExprInst) -> Result<Self, Rc<dyn ExternError>> {
-    let Expr { clause, location } = exi.expr_val();
-    match clause {
-      Clause::P(Primitive::Atom(a)) => Ok(a),
-      _ => AssertionError::fail(location, "atom"),
-    }
-  }
-}

src/systems/codegen.rs

@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ pub fn tuple(data: impl IntoIterator<Item = ExprInst>) -> Clause {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-  use crate::systems::codegen::tuple;
+  use crate::{systems::codegen::tuple, foreign::Atomic};
 
   #[test]
   fn tuple_printer() {
-    println!("Binary tuple: {}", tuple([0.into(), 1.into()]))
+    println!("Binary tuple: {}", tuple([0usize.atom_exi(), 1usize.atom_exi()]))
   }
 }
 

src/systems/directfs/commands.rs

@@ -8,24 +8,27 @@ use itertools::Itertools;
 
 use super::osstring::os_string_lib;
 use crate::ddispatch::Responder;
+use crate::error::RuntimeError;
 use crate::facade::{IntoSystem, System};
 use crate::foreign::cps_box::{init_cps, CPSBox};
 use crate::foreign::{
-  xfn_1ary, xfn_2ary, Atomic, AtomicReturn, InertAtomic, XfnResult,
+  xfn_1ary, xfn_2ary, Atomic, AtomicReturn, InertAtomic, StrictEq, XfnResult,
 };
 use crate::interpreted::{Clause, ExprInst};
 use crate::interpreter::HandlerTable;
 use crate::systems::codegen::{call, list, opt, tuple};
 use crate::systems::io::{wrap_io_error, Source};
 use crate::systems::scheduler::{SeqScheduler, SharedHandle};
-use crate::systems::stl::Boolean;
-use crate::systems::RuntimeError;
 use crate::utils::unwrap_or;
 use crate::ConstTree;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct CurrentDir;
 impl Responder for CurrentDir {}
+impl StrictEq for CurrentDir {
+  // never appears in macros
+  fn strict_eq(&self, _: &dyn std::any::Any) -> bool { false }
+}
 impl Atomic for CurrentDir {
   fn as_any(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn std::any::Any> { self }
   fn as_any_ref(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any { self }
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ fn read_dir(sched: &SeqScheduler, cmd: CPSBox<ReadDirCmd>) -> ExprInst {
       Err(e) => vec![call(fail, [wrap_io_error(e)]).wrap()],
       Ok(os_namev) => {
         let converted = (os_namev.into_iter())
-          .map(|(n, d)| Ok(tuple([n.atom_exi(), Boolean(d).atom_exi()]).wrap()))
+          .map(|(n, d)| Ok(tuple([n.atom_exi(), d.atom_exi()]).wrap()))
           .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, Clause>>();
         match converted {
           Err(e) => vec![call(fail, [e.wrap()]).wrap()],
@@ -115,7 +118,7 @@ pub fn write_file(sched: &SeqScheduler, cmd: CPSBox<WriteFile>) -> ExprInst {
     |file, _| match file {
       Err(e) => vec![call(fail, [wrap_io_error(e)]).wrap()],
       Ok(f) => {
-        let handle = SharedHandle::wrap(Box::new(f) as Box<dyn Write>);
+        let handle = SharedHandle::wrap(Box::new(f) as Box<dyn Write + Send>);
         vec![call(succ, [handle.atom_exi()]).wrap()]
       },
     },
@@ -180,6 +183,8 @@ impl IntoSystem<'static> for DirectFS {
       name: ["system", "directfs"].into_iter().map_into().collect(),
       code: HashMap::new(),
       prelude: Vec::new(),
+      lexer_plugin: None,
+      line_parser: None,
       constants: ConstTree::namespace(
         [i.i("system"), i.i("directfs")],
         ConstTree::tree([

src/systems/io/bindings.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use super::flow::IOCmdHandlePack;
 use super::instances::{BRead, ReadCmd, SRead, Sink, Source, WriteCmd};
+use crate::error::RuntimeError;
 use crate::foreign::cps_box::init_cps;
-use crate::foreign::{xfn_1ary, xfn_2ary, Atom, Atomic, XfnResult};
+use crate::foreign::{xfn_1ary, xfn_2ary, Atomic, XfnResult, Atom};
 use crate::interpreted::Clause;
 use crate::representations::OrcString;
 use crate::systems::scheduler::SharedHandle;
 use crate::systems::stl::Binary;
-use crate::systems::RuntimeError;
+use crate::{ConstTree, Interner, ast};
-use crate::{ast, ConstTree, Interner, Primitive};
 
 type WriteHandle = SharedHandle<Sink>;
 type ReadHandle = SharedHandle<Source>;
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ pub fn read_line(handle: ReadHandle) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
 pub fn read_bin(handle: ReadHandle) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
   Ok(init_cps(3, IOCmdHandlePack { handle, cmd: ReadCmd::RBytes(BRead::All) }))
 }
-pub fn read_bytes(handle: ReadHandle, n: u64) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
+pub fn read_bytes(handle: ReadHandle, n: usize) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
-  let cmd = ReadCmd::RBytes(BRead::N(n.try_into().unwrap()));
+  let cmd = ReadCmd::RBytes(BRead::N(n));
   Ok(init_cps(3, IOCmdHandlePack { cmd, handle }))
 }
-pub fn read_until(handle: ReadHandle, pattern: u64) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
+pub fn read_until(handle: ReadHandle, pattern: usize) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
   let delim = pattern.try_into().map_err(|_| {
     let msg = "greater than 255".to_string();
     RuntimeError::ext(msg, "converting number to byte")
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@ pub fn io_bindings<'a>(
       std_streams
         .into_iter()
         .map(|(n, at)| {
-          let expr = ast::Clause::P(Primitive::Atom(Atom(at))).into_expr();
+          (i.i(n), ConstTree::clause(ast::Clause::Atom(Atom(at))))
-          (i.i(n), ConstTree::Const(expr))
         })
         .collect(),
     ),

src/systems/io/instances.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::interpreted::ExprInst;
 use crate::systems::codegen::call;
 use crate::systems::scheduler::{Canceller, SharedHandle};
 use crate::systems::stl::Binary;
-use crate::Literal;
+use crate::OrcString;
 
 /// Any type that we can read controlled amounts of data from
 pub type Source = BufReader<Box<dyn Read + Send>>;
@@ -63,10 +63,14 @@ impl IOCmd for ReadCmd {
       Self::RStr(sread) => {
         let mut buf = String::new();
         let sresult = match &sread {
-          SRead::All => stream.read_to_string(&mut buf),
+          SRead::All => stream.read_to_string(&mut buf).map(|_| ()),
-          SRead::Line => stream.read_line(&mut buf),
+          SRead::Line => stream.read_line(&mut buf).map(|_| {
+            if buf.ends_with('\n') {
+              buf.pop();
+            }
+          }),
         };
-        ReadResult::RStr(sread, sresult.map(|_| buf))
+        ReadResult::RStr(sread, sresult.map(|()| buf))
       },
     }
   }
@@ -88,14 +92,14 @@ impl ReadResult {
         vec![call(succ, [arg]).wrap()]
       },
       ReadResult::RStr(_, Ok(text)) => {
-        vec![call(succ, [Literal::Str(text.into()).into()]).wrap()]
+        vec![call(succ, [OrcString::from(text).atom_exi()]).wrap()]
       },
     }
   }
 }
 
 /// Function to convert [io::Error] to Orchid data
-pub fn wrap_io_error(_e: io::Error) -> ExprInst { Literal::Uint(0u64).into() }
+pub fn wrap_io_error(_e: io::Error) -> ExprInst { 0usize.atom_exi() }
 
 /// Writing command (string or binary)
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]

src/systems/io/io.orc

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import std::panic
 import system::io
 import system::async::yield
 
-export const print := \text.\ok. (
+export const print := \text. \ok. (
   io::write_str io::stdout text
     (io::flush io::stdout
       ok
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export const print := \text.\ok. (
     \_. yield
 )
 
-export const println := \line.\ok. (
+export const println := \line. \ok. (
   print (line ++ "\n") ok
 )
 

src/systems/io/service.rs

@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ impl<'a, ST: IntoIterator<Item = (&'a str, Stream)>> IntoSystem<'static>
           name: None,
         }]),
       }],
+      lexer_plugin: None,
+      line_parser: None,
     }
   }
 }

src/systems/mod.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
 //! Constants exposed to usercode by the interpreter
-mod assertion_error;
 pub mod asynch;
-pub mod cast_exprinst;
 pub mod codegen;
 pub mod directfs;
 pub mod io;
-mod runtime_error;
 pub mod scheduler;
 pub mod stl;
-
-pub use assertion_error::AssertionError;
-pub use runtime_error::RuntimeError;

src/systems/scheduler/busy.rs

@@ -7,14 +7,17 @@ use crate::interpreted::ExprInst;
 pub type SyncResult<T> = (T, Box<dyn Any + Send>);
 pub type SyncOperation<T> =
   Box<dyn FnOnce(T, Canceller) -> SyncResult<T> + Send>;
-pub type SyncOpResultHandler<T> =
+pub type SyncOpResultHandler<T> = Box<
-  Box<dyn FnOnce(T, Box<dyn Any + Send>, Canceller) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>)>;
+  dyn FnOnce(T, Box<dyn Any + Send>, Canceller) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>)
+   
+    + Send,
+>;
 
 struct SyncQueueItem<T> {
   cancelled: Canceller,
   operation: SyncOperation<T>,
   handler: SyncOpResultHandler<T>,
-  early_cancel: Box<dyn FnOnce(T) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>)>,
+  early_cancel: Box<dyn FnOnce(T) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + Send>,
 }
 
 pub enum NextItemReportKind<T> {
@@ -36,11 +39,14 @@ pub struct NextItemReport<T> {
 pub struct BusyState<T> {
   handler: SyncOpResultHandler<T>,
   queue: VecDeque<SyncQueueItem<T>>,
-  seal: Option<Box<dyn FnOnce(T) -> Vec<ExprInst>>>,
+  seal: Option<Box<dyn FnOnce(T) -> Vec<ExprInst> + Send>>,
 }
 impl<T> BusyState<T> {
   pub fn new<U: 'static + Send>(
-    handler: impl FnOnce(T, U, Canceller) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + 'static,
+    handler: impl FnOnce(T, U, Canceller) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>)
+   
+    + Send
+    + 'static,
   ) -> Self {
     BusyState {
       handler: Box::new(|t, payload, cancel| {
@@ -59,8 +65,8 @@ impl<T> BusyState<T> {
   pub fn enqueue<U: 'static + Send>(
     &mut self,
     operation: impl FnOnce(T, Canceller) -> (T, U) + Send + 'static,
-    handler: impl FnOnce(T, U, Canceller) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + 'static,
+    handler: impl FnOnce(T, U, Canceller) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + Send + 'static,
-    early_cancel: impl FnOnce(T) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + 'static,
+    early_cancel: impl FnOnce(T) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + Send + 'static,
   ) -> Option<Canceller> {
     if self.seal.is_some() {
       return None;
@@ -81,7 +87,7 @@ impl<T> BusyState<T> {
     Some(cancelled)
   }
 
-  pub fn seal(&mut self, recipient: impl FnOnce(T) -> Vec<ExprInst> + 'static) {
+  pub fn seal(&mut self, recipient: impl FnOnce(T) -> Vec<ExprInst> + Send + 'static) {
     assert!(self.seal.is_none(), "Already sealed");
     self.seal = Some(Box::new(recipient))
   }
@@ -101,7 +107,7 @@ impl<T> BusyState<T> {
         if candidate.cancelled.is_cancelled() {
           let ret = (candidate.early_cancel)(instance);
           instance = ret.0;
-          events.extend(ret.1.into_iter());
+          events.extend(ret.1);
         } else {
           break candidate;
         }

src/systems/scheduler/system.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::any::{type_name, Any};
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use itertools::Itertools;
@@ -9,14 +10,13 @@ use trait_set::trait_set;
 
 use super::busy::{BusyState, NextItemReportKind};
 use super::Canceller;
+use crate::error::AssertionError;
 use crate::facade::{IntoSystem, System};
 use crate::foreign::cps_box::{init_cps, CPSBox};
 use crate::foreign::{xfn_1ary, InertAtomic, XfnResult};
 use crate::interpreted::{Clause, ExprInst};
 use crate::interpreter::HandlerTable;
 use crate::systems::asynch::{AsynchSystem, MessagePort};
-use crate::systems::stl::Boolean;
-use crate::systems::AssertionError;
 use crate::utils::ddispatch::Request;
 use crate::utils::thread_pool::ThreadPool;
 use crate::utils::{take_with_output, unwrap_or, IdMap};
@@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ pub enum SharedState {
 
 /// A shared handle for a resource of type `T` that can be used with a
 /// [SeqScheduler] to execute mutating operations one by one in worker threads.
-pub struct SharedHandle<T>(Rc<RefCell<SharedResource<T>>>);
+pub struct SharedHandle<T>(Arc<Mutex<SharedResource<T>>>);
 
 impl<T> SharedHandle<T> {
   /// Wrap a value to be accessible to a [SeqScheduler].
   pub fn wrap(t: T) -> Self {
-    Self(Rc::new(RefCell::new(SharedResource::Free(t))))
+    Self(Arc::new(Mutex::new(SharedResource::Free(t))))
   }
 
   /// Check the state of the handle
   pub fn state(&self) -> SharedState {
-    match &*self.0.as_ref().borrow() {
+    match &*self.0.lock().unwrap() {
       SharedResource::Busy(b) if b.is_sealed() => SharedState::Sealed,
       SharedResource::Busy(_) => SharedState::Busy,
       SharedResource::Free(_) => SharedState::Free,
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl<T> SharedHandle<T> {
   /// sense as eg. an optimization. You can return the value after processing
   /// via [SyncHandle::untake].
   pub fn take(&self) -> Option<T> {
-    take_with_output(&mut *self.0.as_ref().borrow_mut(), |state| match state {
+    take_with_output(&mut *self.0.lock().unwrap(), |state| match state {
       SharedResource::Free(t) => (SharedResource::Taken, Some(t)),
       _ => (state, None),
     })
@@ -80,10 +80,13 @@ impl<T> SharedHandle<T> {
   /// is to return values synchronously after they have been removed with
   /// [SyncHandle::untake].
   pub fn untake(&self, value: T) -> Result<(), T> {
-    take_with_output(&mut *self.0.as_ref().borrow_mut(), |state| match state {
+    take_with_output(
-      SharedResource::Taken => (SharedResource::Free(value), Ok(())),
+      &mut *self.0.lock().unwrap(),
-      _ => (state, Err(value)),
+      |state| match state {
-    })
+        SharedResource::Taken => (SharedResource::Free(value), Ok(())),
+        _ => (state, Err(value)),
+      },
+    )
   }
 }
 impl<T> Clone for SharedHandle<T> {
@@ -97,12 +100,12 @@ impl<T> Debug for SharedHandle<T> {
       .finish()
   }
 }
-impl<T: 'static> InertAtomic for SharedHandle<T> {
+impl<T: Send + 'static> InertAtomic for SharedHandle<T> {
   fn type_str() -> &'static str { "a SharedHandle" }
   fn respond(&self, mut request: Request) {
     request.serve_with(|| {
       let this = self.clone();
-      TakeCmd(Rc::new(move |sch| {
+      TakeCmd(Arc::new(move |sch| {
         let _ = sch.seal(this.clone(), |_| Vec::new());
       }))
     })
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ impl<T: 'static> InertAtomic for SharedHandle<T> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct TakeCmd(pub Rc<dyn Fn(SeqScheduler)>);
+pub struct TakeCmd(pub Arc<dyn Fn(SeqScheduler) + Send + Sync>);
 impl Debug for TakeCmd {
   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
     write!(f, "A command to drop a shared resource")
@@ -134,8 +137,8 @@ pub fn take_and_drop(x: ExprInst) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
   }
 }
 
-pub fn is_taken_error(x: ExprInst) -> XfnResult<Boolean> {
+pub fn is_taken_error(x: ExprInst) -> XfnResult<bool> {
-  Ok(Boolean(x.downcast::<SealedOrTaken>().is_ok()))
+  Ok(x.downcast::<SealedOrTaken>().is_ok())
 }
 
 trait_set! {
@@ -195,11 +198,11 @@ impl SeqScheduler {
   pub fn schedule<T: Send + 'static, U: Send + 'static>(
     &self,
     handle: SharedHandle<T>,
-    operation: impl FnOnce(T, Canceller) -> (T, U) + Send + 'static,
+    operation: impl FnOnce(T, Canceller) -> (T, U) + Sync + Send + 'static,
-    handler: impl FnOnce(T, U, Canceller) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + 'static,
+    handler: impl FnOnce(T, U, Canceller) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + Sync + Send + 'static,
-    early_cancel: impl FnOnce(T) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + 'static,
+    early_cancel: impl FnOnce(T) -> (T, Vec<ExprInst>) + Sync + Send + 'static,
   ) -> Result<Canceller, SealedOrTaken> {
-    take_with_output(&mut *handle.0.as_ref().borrow_mut(), {
+    take_with_output(&mut *handle.0.lock().unwrap(), {
       let handle = handle.clone();
       |state| {
         match state {
@@ -246,10 +249,10 @@ impl SeqScheduler {
   pub fn seal<T>(
     &self,
     handle: SharedHandle<T>,
-    seal: impl FnOnce(T) -> Vec<ExprInst> + 'static,
+    seal: impl FnOnce(T) -> Vec<ExprInst> + Sync + Send + 'static,
   ) -> Result<Vec<ExprInst>, SealedOrTaken> {
     take_with_output(
-      &mut *handle.0.as_ref().borrow_mut(),
+      &mut *handle.0.lock().unwrap(),
       |state| match state {
         SharedResource::Busy(mut b) if !b.is_sealed() => {
           b.seal(seal);
@@ -281,7 +284,7 @@ impl SeqScheduler {
         let (t, u): (T, U) =
           *data.downcast().expect("This is associated by ID");
         let handle2 = handle.clone();
-        take_with_output(&mut *handle.0.as_ref().borrow_mut(), |state| {
+        take_with_output(&mut *handle.0.lock().unwrap(), |state| {
           let busy = unwrap_or! { state => SharedResource::Busy;
             panic!("Handle with outstanding invocation must be busy")
           };
@@ -329,6 +332,8 @@ impl IntoSystem<'static> for SeqScheduler {
       prelude: Vec::new(),
       code: HashMap::new(),
       handlers,
+      lexer_plugin: None,
+      line_parser: None,
       constants: ConstTree::namespace(
         [i.i("system"), i.i("scheduler")],
         ConstTree::tree([

src/systems/stl/binary.rs

@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
-use super::Boolean;
+use crate::error::RuntimeError;
 use crate::foreign::{
   xfn_1ary, xfn_2ary, xfn_3ary, xfn_4ary, Atomic, InertAtomic, XfnResult,
 };
 use crate::interpreted::Clause;
 use crate::systems::codegen::{opt, tuple};
-use crate::systems::RuntimeError;
 use crate::utils::{iter_find, unwrap_or};
-use crate::{ConstTree, Interner, Literal};
+use crate::{ConstTree, Interner};
+
+const INT_BYTES: usize = usize::BITS as usize / 8;
 
 /// A block of binary data
 #[derive(Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -43,93 +44,86 @@ pub fn concatenate(a: Binary, b: Binary) -> XfnResult<Binary> {
 }
 
 /// Extract a subsection of the binary data
-pub fn slice(s: Binary, i: u64, len: u64) -> XfnResult<Binary> {
+pub fn slice(s: Binary, i: usize, len: usize) -> XfnResult<Binary> {
-  if i + len < s.0.len() as u64 {
+  if i + len < s.0.len() {
     RuntimeError::fail(
       "Byte index out of bounds".to_string(),
       "indexing binary",
     )?
   }
-  let data = s.0[i as usize..i as usize + len as usize].to_vec();
+  Ok(Binary(Arc::new(s.0[i..i + len].to_vec())))
-  Ok(Binary(Arc::new(data)))
 }
 
 /// Return the index where the first argument first contains the second, if any
 pub fn find(haystack: Binary, needle: Binary) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
   let found = iter_find(haystack.0.iter(), needle.0.iter());
-  Ok(opt(found.map(|x| Literal::Uint(x as u64).into())))
+  Ok(opt(found.map(usize::atom_exi)))
 }
 
 /// Split binary data block into two smaller blocks
-pub fn split(bin: Binary, i: u64) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
+pub fn split(bin: Binary, i: usize) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
-  if bin.0.len() < i as usize {
+  if bin.0.len() < i {
     RuntimeError::fail(
       "Byte index out of bounds".to_string(),
       "splitting binary",
     )?
   }
-  let (asl, bsl) = bin.0.split_at(i as usize);
+  let (asl, bsl) = bin.0.split_at(i);
-  Ok(tuple([
+  Ok(tuple([asl, bsl].map(|s| Binary(Arc::new(s.to_vec())).atom_exi())))
-    Binary(Arc::new(asl.to_vec())).atom_cls().into(),
-    Binary(Arc::new(bsl.to_vec())).atom_cls().into(),
-  ]))
 }
 
 /// Read a number from a binary blob
 pub fn get_num(
   buf: Binary,
-  loc: u64,
+  loc: usize,
-  size: u64,
+  size: usize,
-  is_le: Boolean,
+  is_le: bool,
-) -> XfnResult<Literal> {
+) -> XfnResult<usize> {
-  if buf.0.len() < (loc + size) as usize {
+  if buf.0.len() < (loc + size) {
     RuntimeError::fail(
       "section out of range".to_string(),
       "reading number from binary data",
     )?
   }
-  if 8 < size {
+  if INT_BYTES < size {
     RuntimeError::fail(
-      "more than 8 bytes provided".to_string(),
+      "more than std::bin::int_bytes bytes provided".to_string(),
       "reading number from binary data",
     )?
   }
-  let mut data = [0u8; 8];
+  let mut data = [0u8; INT_BYTES];
-  let section = &buf.0[loc as usize..(loc + size) as usize];
+  let section = &buf.0[loc..(loc + size)];
-  let num = if is_le.0 {
+  let num = if is_le {
-    data[0..size as usize].copy_from_slice(section);
+    data[0..size].copy_from_slice(section);
-    u64::from_le_bytes(data)
+    usize::from_le_bytes(data)
   } else {
-    data[8 - size as usize..].copy_from_slice(section);
+    data[INT_BYTES - size..].copy_from_slice(section);
-    u64::from_be_bytes(data)
+    usize::from_be_bytes(data)
   };
-  Ok(Literal::Uint(num))
+  Ok(num)
 }
 
 /// Convert a number into a blob
-pub fn from_num(size: u64, is_le: Boolean, data: u64) -> XfnResult<Binary> {
+pub fn from_num(size: usize, is_le: bool, data: usize) -> XfnResult<Binary> {
-  if size > 8 {
+  if INT_BYTES < size {
     RuntimeError::fail(
-      "more than 8 bytes requested".to_string(),
+      "more than std::bin::int_bytes bytes requested".to_string(),
       "converting number to binary",
     )?
   }
-  let bytes = if is_le.0 {
+  let bytes = match is_le {
-    data.to_le_bytes()[0..size as usize].to_vec()
+    true => data.to_le_bytes()[0..size].to_vec(),
-  } else {
+    false => data.to_be_bytes()[8 - size..].to_vec(),
-    data.to_be_bytes()[8 - size as usize..].to_vec()
   };
   Ok(Binary(Arc::new(bytes)))
 }
 
 /// Detect the number of bytes in the blob
-pub fn size(b: Binary) -> XfnResult<Literal> {
+pub fn size(b: Binary) -> XfnResult<usize> { Ok(b.0.len()) }
-  Ok(Literal::Uint(b.0.len() as u64))
-}
 
 pub fn bin(i: &Interner) -> ConstTree {
   ConstTree::tree([(
-    i.i("bin"),
+    i.i("binary"),
     ConstTree::tree([
       (i.i("concat"), ConstTree::xfn(xfn_2ary(concatenate))),
       (i.i("slice"), ConstTree::xfn(xfn_3ary(slice))),
@@ -138,6 +132,7 @@ pub fn bin(i: &Interner) -> ConstTree {
       (i.i("get_num"), ConstTree::xfn(xfn_4ary(get_num))),
       (i.i("from_num"), ConstTree::xfn(xfn_3ary(from_num))),
       (i.i("size"), ConstTree::xfn(xfn_1ary(size))),
+      (i.i("int_bytes"), ConstTree::atom(INT_BYTES)),
     ]),
   )])
 }

src/systems/stl/bool.orc

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-export operators[ != == ]
+export ::(!=, ==)
 
 export const not := \bool. if bool then false else true
 macro ...$a != ...$b =0x3p36=> (not (...$a == ...$b))
 macro ...$a == ...$b =0x3p36=> (equals (...$a) (...$b))
+export macro ...$a and ...$b =0x4p36=> (ifthenelse (...$a) (...$b) false)
+export macro ...$a or ...$b =0x4p36=> (ifthenelse (...$a) true (...$b))
 export macro if ...$cond then ...$true else ...$false:1 =0x1p84=> (
   ifthenelse (...$cond) (...$true) (...$false)
 )

src/systems/stl/bool.rs

@@ -1,26 +1,17 @@
-use crate::foreign::{xfn_1ary, xfn_2ary, InertAtomic, XfnResult};
+use crate::foreign::{xfn_1ary, xfn_2ary, XfnResult, Atom};
 use crate::interner::Interner;
 use crate::representations::interpreted::Clause;
-use crate::systems::AssertionError;
+use crate::error::AssertionError;
-use crate::{ConstTree, Literal, Location};
+use crate::{ConstTree, Location, OrcString};
 
-/// Booleans exposed to Orchid
+use super::Numeric;
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-pub struct Boolean(pub bool);
-impl InertAtomic for Boolean {
-  fn type_str() -> &'static str { "a boolean" }
-}
-
-impl From<bool> for Boolean {
-  fn from(value: bool) -> Self { Self(value) }
-}
 
 /// Takes a boolean and two branches, runs the first if the bool is true, the
 /// second if it's false.
 // Even though it's a ternary function, IfThenElse is implemented as an unary
 // foreign function, as the rest of the logic can be defined in Orchid.
-pub fn if_then_else(b: Boolean) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
+pub fn if_then_else(b: bool) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
-  Ok(match b.0 {
+  Ok(match b {
     true => Clause::pick(Clause::constfn(Clause::LambdaArg)),
     false => Clause::constfn(Clause::pick(Clause::LambdaArg)),
   })
@@ -29,16 +20,25 @@ pub fn if_then_else(b: Boolean) -> XfnResult<Clause> {
 /// Compares the inner values if
 ///
 /// - both are string,
+/// - both are bool,
 /// - both are either uint or num
-pub fn equals(a: Literal, b: Literal) -> XfnResult<Boolean> {
+pub fn equals(a: Atom, b: Atom) -> XfnResult<bool> {
-  Ok(Boolean::from(match (a, b) {
+  let (a, b) = match (a.try_downcast::<OrcString>(), b.try_downcast::<OrcString>()) {
-    (Literal::Str(s1), Literal::Str(s2)) => s1 == s2,
+    (Ok(a), Ok(b)) => return Ok(a == b),
-    (Literal::Num(n1), Literal::Num(n2)) => n1 == n2,
+    (Err(a), Err(b)) => (a, b),
-    (Literal::Uint(i1), Literal::Uint(i2)) => i1 == i2,
+    _ => return Ok(false),
-    (Literal::Num(n1), Literal::Uint(u1)) => *n1 == (u1 as f64),
+  };
-    (Literal::Uint(u1), Literal::Num(n1)) => *n1 == (u1 as f64),
+  match (a.request::<Numeric>(), b.request::<Numeric>()) {
-    (..) => AssertionError::fail(Location::Unknown, "the expected type")?,
+    (Some(a), Some(b)) => return Ok(a.as_float() == b.as_float()),
-  }))
+    (None, None) => (),
+    _ => return Ok(false),
+  };
+  match (a.try_downcast::<bool>(), b.try_downcast::<bool>()) {
+    (Ok(a), Ok(b)) => return Ok(a == b),
+    (Err(_), Err(_)) => (),
+    _ => return Ok(false),
+  };
+  AssertionError::fail(Location::Unknown, "the expected type")
 }
 
 pub fn bool(i: &Interner) -> ConstTree {
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ pub fn bool(i: &Interner) -> ConstTree {
     ConstTree::tree([
       (i.i("ifthenelse"), ConstTree::xfn(xfn_1ary(if_then_else))),
       (i.i("equals"), ConstTree::xfn(xfn_2ary(equals))),
-      (i.i("true"), ConstTree::atom(Boolean(true))),
+      (i.i("true"), ConstTree::atom(true)),
-      (i.i("false"), ConstTree::atom(Boolean(false))),
+      (i.i("false"), ConstTree::atom(false)),
     ]),
   )])
 }